An index to reconstructions in Stresemann's (1927) Die Lauterscheinungen in den Ambonischen Sprachen (Zeitschift für Eingeborenen Sprachen, Beihefte 10)
I compiled this index to Stresemann's Lauterscheinungen back in the 1970s, when, working on Lettinese and other eastern Indonesian languages, I needed a quick finder-list of his reconstructions. I've been pleased to see, over the years, that it has also proven useful to other investigators. Still, while it may already be known to researchers in the area from fading Xerox copies, I have decided to make it available in this more permanent and more legible form.
Admittedly by this point, perhaps, it may have only archival value, since to some extent, like Stresemann's work itself, it has been superseded by the great amount of research carried out in the Ambonese and eastern Indonesian areas in recent years. I would mention in particular James Collins' Chicago dissertation (since published, 1983, as Pacific Linguistics D-47). And happily, too, thanks in large part to the dedicated workers of the SIL, it is no longer true-- as I wrote in 1977-- that "the Ambonese area is one of the least-investigated of AN-speaking areas;" nor must we deal anymore with "the amateurish nature of some of [Stresemann's] 19th Century sources," aside, of course, from their abiding historical value.
Stresemann's classification of Ur-Ambon (UA) into subgroups "Sub-Ambon, Sub-Seran, Sub-Buru", is probably no longer valid, but since I am following his format, those terms are used here (abbreviated SA, SS, SB in the list). Others have noted, I believe, what I pointed out in his "Sub-Buru" as
an apparent methodological error...: AN *ǵ [Dempwolff's symbol, modern *j], is said to have merged with *r and *l > UA *l. But in the three Sub-Buru languages, the *l < *ǵ goes to 0, while the *l < *r,l remains unchanged, [implying] either (1) the SB languages should have been excluded from the Ambonese family...or (2) a separate UA reflex of *ǵ should have been reconstructed.
The list also contains forms which appear to be contradictory in Stremann's own terms-- viz. doublets with *r ~ *l or *d ~ *l; perhaps these result from undetected loanwords in the daughter languages, if they are not simply omissions of the subgroup label-- e.g. without "SA," a form is assumed to be "UA". For the sake of consistency, I follow Stresemann's orthography (most nowadays would prefer "mb, nd, ŋg" for his "b, d, g"), but for typographical convenience, I substitute "ŋ" for his "n+superscript dot" = velar nasal, and "q" for his apostrophe = final glottal stop (and note that from Collins' and others' work, it has become clear that more final consonantss were retained in this area than Stresemann allowed for).
The following table of Stresemann's correspondences between AN - Ur-Ambon and Sub-Ambon may be useful (Sub-Seran and Sub-Buru are omitted, as they do not figure prominently in the work) INSERT TABLE OF CORRESPONDENCES............t-dot 1E6C d-dot 1E0D
Note that no account is taken of Dempwolff's *ṭ or *ṇṭ (Dyen's *T, nT, now deprecated); "*h" reflects Dempwolff's set of correspondences, not necessarily those of modern *q; and modern *h or *S (Dempwolff's spiritus lenis) is completely absent.
We give a brief English gloss, the original German gloss, and the page number (a few are missing, sorry) where the item first appears. (One or two glosses are educated guesses, either on my part, or by some German friends-- even they found some of Stresemann's usages puzzling.) I have not deemed it necessary to include AN etyma. It might have been desirable to include Collins' reconstructions, but that's a job for another time or another person.
A
SA abal-ĕ : wild pig, Wildschwein 61
abata(y) : wound, Wunde 34
aber : spittle, saliva; Speichel 215; > SA abel-ĕ : slime, Schleim 61
ada- : chin, Kinn 18
SA adaya : long, lang sein 82
ai- : leg, Bein 115
aku : I, ich 64
alĕ : thou, du 97;>SA ale 27
SA ali : basket, Tragkorb 30
SS a-lipan : millipede, Skolopender 47; cf. UA lipan
SA alita : forest spirit, Waldgeist 108
alu : rice-pounder, pestle; Reisstampfer 93
ama- : father, Vater 115
SA aman-ĕ : village, Dorf 115
ana : plait, weave; flechten 116
anaq : child, Kind 46
ana(y) : termite, Termite 137
SA anĕt-ĕ : Dioscorea sp. 109
anu (ma-) : drift, float; auf Wasser treiben 74
SA anusi : ancestor, Vorfahre 108
aŋin : wind, Wind 71
apur : lime, Kalk 17
apu(y) : fire, Feuer 51
1. asa : gills, Kiemen 36
2. asa : sharpen, whet; schleifen 117; cf. SA basa-kĕ
asi (ma-) : salty, salzig sein 104
1. asu : dog, Hund 36
2. asu : draw/fetch water; (Wasser) holen 124
ata : slave, Sklave 217
atĕq : roof, Dachbedeckung 33 au (ma-) to shade, schatten 75
aur : bamboo, Bambus 219;>SA aul-ĕ 113
SA ava : turn (upwards), aufwarts kehren 150; cf. next?
SA avat-ĕ : top, Überseite 118
SA avi : to hook, catch; anhaken 116
avun : dove sp., Fruchttaube 49;>SA avun-ĕ id., blue 133
awa- : loins, waist; Lende 75
1. SA awen-ĕ : shield, Schild 79; cf. next?
2. SA awen-ĕ : basket, Tragkorb 80
SA awut-ĕ : boundary, Grenze 113
SA aysi : damar resin, Damarharz 37; cf. UA gaysi
B (= *mp, mb)
baba : pound, beat; klopfen 61
ba-didi : cold, kalt sein 40
badi : rear end, seat; Gesäss 91; cf. va-udi ?
SA bail-ĕ : mat, Matte 26; ~ vail-ĕ 63
baku : sago-bread, Sagobrot 58
SA baluq-ĕ : Nibung palm 133
1. SA bali : there, dort 63; ~ vali 60
2. bali ~ bale : left, links 90; cf. kubali 60
SA balutu : sailboat, Segelfahrzeug 61
bana : hot, heiss sein 47; ~ ba-pana 159
SA basa-kĕ : sharpen, whet; wetzen 37; cf. 2. asa
ba-seri GLOSS PAGE NO.?? ;cf. ma-seri?
1. SA bata : wet, nass sein 61; cf. next?
2. SA bata : to swell, schwellen 150
batĕ : Mangifera odorata 60
1. SA bela : ready, fertig sein 25; cf. next
2. bela : friend, Freund 100; > SA id.
1. SA bele : crosswise, quer sein 62; cf. SB pele 62
2. bele : throw, wegwerfen 100; > SA ta-bele-ke 30
bene : obstruct, stop up; verstopfen 60
SA bena : fly (insect), Fliege 63; < UA veŋa(y)
beŋu : turtle sp., Landschildkröte .....[PAGE NO?]
bera : heavy, schwer sein 58
bĕnu : full, voll sein 58
bĕrĕn : Nipah palm 22
SA bĕsĕ : to make, machen 37; cf. UA pĕsĕ
bĕtu : day, daytime; Etmal 96
bia : Sago 60; cf. lĕ-bia Sago palm 58
bibi : goat, Ziege 60
SA bidi : Spring tide, Springflut 43
bina(y) : woman, Frau 62; ~ (ma-)vina(y)
biŋa-vatu : pottery vessel, Steingutschüssel 111
SA bisu : cockroach, Schabe 61
bobo : braid rope, Tau drehen 102
SA bodx0115; : bead, Glasperle 41
bod: yellow, gelb sein 40; > SA id.; cf. next?
SA bodu-bodu : dusk, evening; Vorabend 46
SA boot(-i) : (its) smoke, (sein) Rauch 177
bosun : menstruation house, Menstruationshaus 102
SA bou : to bark, bellen 61
buan : dove sp., Fruchttaube 61
buda : wet, nass sein 39; cf. vula foam?
buen : rat, Ratte 60
buĕ : iguana, Waran 60; ~ vuĕ 63
buku : gong, Gong 94; ~ 1. vuku, vugu
SA bulen-ĕ : Nipah palm 83; ~ SA bulĕn-ĕ; cf. UA bĕrĕn ?
SA buli : embrace, umarmen 61
bulut : glue, lime; Klebstoff 33; ~ pulut
buna : to make, machen 184; ~ puna
SA bunal-ĕ : rib of a leaf, Blattrippe 95
buru : to rot, verdorben 58; ~ vuru
SA busi : all, alle 95
buti : white, weiss sein 58
D (< *d, D, z [*Z?])
daki : dirt on the skin, Schmutzkruste 64
1. dalan : path, road; Weg 46; cf. dala
2. dalan : thousand, Tausend 21
dalĕ- : interior, Inneres 20
dama- : eye, Auge 19
dana(w) : lake, See 18
dara : blood, Blut 19
darĕ : ground, soil; Boden 18
datar : plain; level; Ebene 21
datu : king, König 16
1. dau : far, fern sein 16
2. dau : leaf, Blatt 22
daya : mainland, Festland 44; ~ daya
depa : fathom, Klafter; ~ dĕpa; > SA lepa
desi : more, mehr 193; cf. lesi id. 24 (NB: UA d~l is contradictory; perhaps "SA" designation was omitted from lesi. RFM)
dĕbĕ : press down, niederdrucken 202; ~ sĕbĕ, nĕbĕ; SA sebe. (NB: UA d~s is not a possible alteration; perhaps mispr. "d" for "d", reg. < *ns.)
dĕŋĕ : to hear, hören 19; ~ nĕŋĕ
dĕpa : fathom, Klafter 24; ~ depa
dĕtĕ : over, above, oben sein 19; > SA lĕtĕ
didi: cold, kalt sein 38 (NB usually prefixed, cf. ba-didi)
diŋĕ : carry (on the back), auf Rücken tragen 21; ~ liŋŋĕ; SA linĕ 157 < either form, but UA d~l, as noted, is contradictory
diri : house-poles, pilings; Hauspfahl 16
doi : little, klein sein 44; ~ doi
duri : thorn, Dorn 18
duwa : two, zwei 18; more commonly as *dua 76
duyun : manatee ("sea-cow"), Seekuh 22; cf. SA lusun-ĕ, ludun-ĕ
D (< nt, nd, nD, nc, nz,nj)
SA dabalan-ĕ : bench, Sitzbank 44; ~ tabalan-ĕ
SA daddau : infant, Säugling 42
dagi: go, gehen 194; ~ tagi
dala : row, line; Reihe 39. Proposed < AN *Zalan 43
SA dalat-ĕ : current, Strömmung 42
SA daliva : blanket, Schlafdecke 45; ~ saliva
SA dalon-ĕ : flying fox (fruit-bat), Flughund 41
SB dalu : Betel 40
damar : damar resin, Damarharz 39; cf. ma-damar?
dame-ni : other, anders 44 (*-ni is a possessive marker)
SA dana : strong, stark sein 42
SA danasa : (hand)span, Spanne 45; ~ sanasa
SA danama : pool, Pfütze 44; ~ tanama
danĕ : to plant, pflantzen 184; ~ tanĕ
SS daniq : day, Tage 40
dao : to howl, heulen 40; cf. SA dadau ? 2. lau ?
1. dau : red, rot sein 40
2. dau : brother-in-law, Schwager 112; cf. dawe ?
dava : to stab, stechen 184; ~ tava
dawe : brother-in-law, Schwager 45; ~ sawe
daya : mainland, Festland 40; ~ daya
SA de : or, oder 41
SA delet-ĕ : wasp, Wespe 45; ~ selet-ĕ < UA *seret
SA dĕdu : carry (on the head), tragen (auf dem Kopf) 41
dĕkaq : rain, Regen 40; cf. SA deka 43 (-0 irreg.?)
dĕlĕ : tree sp., Erythrina 22
SA dĕvu : wave, Welle 45; ~ sĕvu
1. SA dila : afraid, sich fürchten 25
2. SA dila (ma-) : bitter, bitter sein 46
SA dina : light, Licht; cf. UA sina
SA divu: to fly, fliegen 92; cf. UA tivu
SA dobun-ĕ : youth, young person; Jüngling 41
doi : little, klein sein 44; ~ doi
doku : gaze (into the distance); in die Ferne blicken 194; ~ toku
SA dokul-ĕ : plant sp., Kaempferia 45; ~ sokul-ĕ < UA sokur
SA dola : to belch, rülpsen 83; cf. UA tora
SA dolo(-li) : short, kurz sein 31 (element -li is unidentified)
SA dosil-ĕ : plant sp., Morus paniculata 42
1. SA dovu : wave, Welle 102; cf. SA dĕvu ~ sĕvu, and next?
2. dovu : to strand, run aground; stranden 102
dua : self, selbst 40
duan : raft, Floss 90;>SA duan-ĕ 41
SA dudu : push down, herabstossen 15
dula : and, und 44; cf. SA tula 44; but also UA tura, which cannot be a regular alternant of *dula because of contradictory *r/l; perhaps dula should be marked "SA"
dunu : warmth, heat; Sonnenwärme, Wärme 39; ~ tunu
E (< *i, ə)
SA ebu : tobacco pouch, Tabakstäschen 62; cf. SB epu
edan : ladder, Leiter 74; ~ ĕdan
SA ede : narrow, schmal sein 42
SA ed: to bring, bringen 186; ~ ĕdi
SA elan-ĕ : tuber sp., Erdfruchtart 148 (Ml. ubi halus)
ena(y) : sand, Sand 117; cf. ĕna(y)
SB epu : tobacco pouch, Tabakstäschen 62; cf. ebu
esa : to sweat, schwitzen 124; cf. next
SA esan-ĕ : sweat (noun), Schweiss 37
eyu : shark, Hai 81
Ĕ (< AN *ə)
ĕdan : ladder, Leiter 188; ~ edan
ĕdi : to bring, bringen 38; ~ edi
ĕna(y) : shore, Strand 137; cf. ena(y)
ĕnu : neck, Hals 95; cf. pa-ĕnu 104
ĕsa : one, eins 186
ĕtu : to fart; ein Wind streichen lassen 124; cf. next
ĕtut : fart (noun), Flatus 34
G (< *ŋk, ŋg)
gada : rhinocerus bird (hornbill?), Jahrvogel 22
gadun : clothing, Kleid 67
SA gage : molar tooth, Backzahn 69
galepi : lance, Lanze 68
SA gali : to dig, graben 70
SA galaul-ĕ : tree-frog, Baumfrosch 69; as "ga-laul-ĕ" 113
SS galiauq : shield, Schild 68
1. SA galu : to stir, umruhren 158
2. galu : to write, schreiben 68; > SA galu; cf. also garu
SA gameme : ant, Ameise 136
gamu : Betel 68
gana (ma-) : hard, hart sein 109
garu : to write, schreiben 116; cf. 2.galu , note contradictory UA *r~l. (SA galu < either form)
gauq : grasshopper, locust; Heuschrecke 68
SA gavaq-ĕ : roof, Dachbedeckung 133
gavaya : bad, schlecht sein 71; ~ kavaya
gayan : tree sp., Inocarpus 68
gaysi : damar resin, Damarharz 68; cf. SA aysi
geda : remainder, Rest 68; ~ keda
gege : armpit, Achsel 67; cf. sa-gege
gelan : tree sp., Weissholzbaum 63
gesu : to splinter, splittern 68
gigi : to sharpen (to a point), zuspitzen 192
SB giwe : hard, hart sein 68
goda : to shave, rasen 102
SA gola(-ke) : angry, wrathful; zornig sein 70; ~ kola-ke
govu : to tear, niederreissen 102
SA gudu hard, hart sein 69
gugu : finger, Finger 69; hoof, Huf 205; cf. saba-kuku
gugur : thunder, Donner 68
SS gula : oil, Öl 68
SA guluq-ĕ : eel sp., Seeaal 114
gutu : louse, Laus 71; ~ kutu
H
(Dempwolff's correspondence; Stresemann viewed its status in UA as uncertain)
(h)ata- : intestines, Eingeweide 74; note next
(h)ata(y) : liver, Leber 216
(h)ilu : nose, Nase 74; cf. also UA ŋidu, SA nidu, SS nidu
I
-i : 3rd pers. possessive marker; Possessiv-Pronomen 141; ~ -ni
iba : room, Kamer 204
SA ida : sick, krank sein 41
ikan : fish, Fisch 48
iku- : tail, Schwanz; NB ikor-i its tail 141
SA ila (ma-) : large, gross sein 92; < 2. ira
1. SA ile : plant sp., Pandanus 136
2. SA ile : he, er 117
1. ilĕ (ma-) : dark, dunkel sein 113
2. SA ilĕ : carry (around the neck); um den Hals tragen 157
SA ili : to hang up, aufhangen 150; < iri
1. SA ina(-ni) : (its) maggot; (sein) Made 178
2. ina (ma-) : in front, vorn sein 113; cf. mina
3. ina- : mother, Mutter 48
inĕ : to lie down, liegen 97; to sleep, schlafen 124
inu : to drink, trinken 46; NB as "ino" 136
ipar : k.o. nut, Canarium 51
1. ira (ma-) : red, rot sein 192.
2. ira (ma-) : large, gross sein 21; > SA ila
iri (pa-) : to hang up, aufhangen 104; > SA ili
SA isa : lizard sp., Segelechse 37
isat (sa-) : sieve (noun), Sieb 104
SA iselĕ : tree sp., (ironwood), Eisenholzbaum 166. ([RFM] Probably sic for "isel-ĕ" ?)
isi- : contents, Inhalt 36
SA isu : earthquake, Erdbeben 37
SA ita : to sparkle, glitter; funkeln 153
ite (ma-) : black, schwarz sein 113
iti : to lightning, blitzen 34
J See the discussion there: *j, which occurs only in this item, is posited as a "spirant y" distinct from *y
K
kaba : to call, rufen 116; cf. next?
kabata : to sing, singen 64
SA kabat-ĕ : eel sp., Seeaal 61
kabu- : guts, belly; Magen, Bauch 60; cf. vuka- ?
kalaku : wooden dish, Holzschüssel 64
kalava(w) : mouse, Maus 105; cf. malava(w)
SA kale : to close, schliessen 65
SA kalu- : tail, Schwanz 147
SA kalut-ĕ : coarse cloth; grobe Leinewand 66
kami : we (excl.); wir (exkl.) 64
kan : to eat, essen 49
kasawari : Cassowary bird 47 (NB: UA *r < AN *R confirmed, to Stresemann's view, by Bonfia evidence, p. 202)
katana : knife, Messer 147; ~ kĕtana (a likely loan < Port.? cf. Japanese katana sword)
SA katatu : land-crab, Latyrus raptor 108
SA katu : to send, senden 65
kavaya : bad, schlecht sein 71; ~ gavaya
kavuĕ : bean, Bohne 55
kawil : catch with a hook; to fish; Angelhaken 14; cf. next?
SB kawil : iron, Eisen 64
kayu : wood, Holz 64
keda : remainder, Rest 71; ~ geda
kedi : to cut, scheren 217
kele- : thigh, Schenkel, Oberschenkel 64
kĕdĕ : to stand, stehen 18; ~ kĕdĕ; > SA pa-kĕlĕ 65
SB kĕnoi : damar resin, Damarharz 64
kĕtana : knife, Messer 103; ~ katana
kĕtĕ : to bite, beissen 34
kimi : you (pl.), ihr 92
SA kita : we (incl.), wir (inkl.) 117
SA kivi : break off, abbrechen 56; cf. next
SA kivit- : fragment, Scherbe 118
SA kivo- : wing, Flügel 147
SA kobit-ĕ : knife, Messer 66
SA koki : to grate, raspeln 65
SA kola(-ka) : angry, wrathful; zornig sein 26; ~ gola-ke
SA kole : crooken, krumm sein 27
SA kolo : to call, rufen 30
SA kovu : to lie (on the stomach); vornüberliegen 65
ku-bali : left, links 60; cf. 2. bali
kudĕn : pot, Topf 18; > SA kulĕn-ĕ
kukuq : cuckoo, Kuckuck 95
kulit : skin, Haut 47
SA kuman-ĕ : small crab sp.; kleine Krabbe 66
kume : earth, Erde 140. (Is this perhaps < Skt/Ml. bumi via **gum(i,e), cf. Sasak gumi)
kuni : turmeric, Curcuma longa 64
kurita : Nautilus (shell) 18; > SA kulita
SA kusa : hide, skin; Fell 65
kutu : louse, Laus 34; ~ gutu
ku-wana : right (side), rechts 49
L
1. SS labu : bathe, baden 61
2. labu : mat, Matte 22
labun : jacket (jerkin, doublet), Wams 60
SA ladi : (wide) plank, breites Brett 43
ladina(y) : road, path, Weg 40; cf. radina(y), with contradictory *r
lagat : finger, Finger 130
SA laga : Cockatoo (bird) 136
lagu : naked, nackt sein 68
SA lain-ĕ : shore, Strand 113
SA laisana : spear, Speer 112
1. SA laka : form, figure; Gestalt 65
2. SA laka : to touch, tasten 65; cf. UA naka
SA lakin-ĕ : tree sp., Erythrina 83
SA laku : to tie, binden 66
lalat : shore, Strand 23
lalĕ : fly (insect), Fliege 22
SA lali : to wait, erwarten 28
lamĕ : arrow, Pfeil 20; also as lamĕq 169, > SA lamĕq-ĕ
laŋit : sky, Himmel 14
lase- : testicles, Hoden 22
SA lasĕn-ĕ : arrow, Pfeil 37
lata : to chop off, abhacken 33
SA late : to stick together, einklemmen 150
1. lau : sea, Meer 27
2. lau : to lament, wail; jämmern
SA laua : to insult, beschimpfen 109
SA lava-lava : platform, stand; Gestell 83
lavan : friend, Freund 204
lavar : fishing line; Fischleine 195
SA lavit-ĕ : jacket, Jacke 170
lavo : refuse, dregs, sediment; Abfall102
SA lavu : drizzle, Sprühregen 57
SA lavun-ĕ : plant sp., Ml. bĕngkawan 83
lavut : plant sp., Amaranthus 148; cf. SA ma-lavut-ĕ
1. lawa : to go, gehen 19; to flee, fliehen 79; cf. next?
2. lawa : trace, track; Spur 87
3. lawa : spider, Spinne 78
SA lawali: wound, Wunde 79
SA lawani : loincloth, Schamgurt 31
layar : sail, Segel 17
lea(w) : sun, Sonne 15 (Stresemann posits < AN **lĕǵaw hot with irreg. loss of the *ǵ in UA; [RFM comment]: A form **lejaw [as now written] does indeed underlie the word for "sun, day" in many eastern IN languages)
leba : carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 126
SA lebet-ĕ : shield, Schild 166
SA ledu (sa-) : to cook, kochen 108
1. lele : to wind up, aufwickeln 101
2. lele : edge, Rand 25; cf. next?
SA lelen-ĕ : boundary, Grenze 30
leli : to turn over, umwenden 101
SA lene : empty, leer sein 28
SA lepa : fathom, Klafter 87; cf. UA depa ~ dĕpa
lesi : exceed, übertreffen 24; cf. contradictory desi
SA letu : to jerk, zucken 28
1. SA (mu-)leu : (thy) brother; (dein) Bruder 108
2. SA leu : to unravel, ausfasern 150
SA leva (ta-) : to cover, bedecken 108
SA leve : to cut down, to fell; fällen 57; ~ lĕvĕ
levit : rudder, Steuerruder 54
levu : to mix, vermischen 101
SA lewat-ĕ : rainy season, Regenzeit 30; cf. UA liwat
SA lĕbĕ : to give, geben 61
lĕ-bia : Sago palm 20; cf. bia
SA lĕdĕ : poor, arm sein 25
lĕko : fold (noun), Falte 64; cf. next
SA lĕku-kĕ : to fold, falten 66
lĕlĕt : bow-string, Bogensehne 130
SA lĕlu : to hang, hangen 27
SA lĕnĕq-ĕ : muddy place where pigs wallow; Schweinekuhle 83
SA lĕsu : to get or come loose; losgehen 27
lĕsun : rice-mortar, Reismörser 17
SA lĕtĕ : high, hoch sein 25; < UA dĕtĕ
SA lĕvĕ : to cut down, to fell; fällen 27; ~ leve
lĕvĕn : hole, Grube 14
lĕvu- : bottom, Unterseite 47
SA lia : to comb, kämmen 154; cf. lilia
lian : cave, Höhle 46
SA liban-ĕ : lizard, Eidechse 61
liĕ- : voice, Stimme 22
SA ligu : to carry, tragen 27
lila- : tongue, Zunge 22
SA lilia : comb (noun), Kamm; cf. lia
SA liki : oblique, sloping; schräg sein 66
1. lima : to scoop out, ausschöpfen 126
2. lima : hand, Hand 14; five, funf 21
lina(w) : still, calm; still sein 28
SA linĕ : carry (on the back); auf Rücken tragen 157; cf. liŋĕ, and diŋĕ
linu (maka-) : sour, sauer sein 217; SA linu 26
liŋĕ : carry (on the back); auf Rücken tragen 73; cf. diŋĕ
lipan : millipede, Skolopender 147; SA lilipan-ĕ 107; SS alipan
SA lipe (ma-) : to laugh, lachen 52; cf. UA mali
SA lipi : to pull, ziehen 27
lisa : tree sp., Terminalia 36
livu-ni : thousand, Tausend 15
livut : storm, Sturm 21
liwat : rainy season, Regenzeit 20; cf. SA lewat-ĕ
loba : to jump, springen 24
SA lobi : beautiful, schön sein 162
lobo : to step on, betreten 59
SA lobon-ĕ : ashes, Asche 102
lobu : machete, Buschmesser 59
SA lod: spacious, roomy; geräumig sein 102; cf. lola, lora
loka : come upwards; nach oben kommen 102
SA loko : all, alle 66
SA lola : roomy, spacious; geräumig sein 27
SA loli : to serve, bedienen 28
SA lora : roomy, spacious; geräumig sein 102
losa : lime, chalk; Kalk 21
SA loto : to dry, trocken 102
lua : to vomit, sich erbrechen 192
lubu : to gather, versammeln 60
ludan : groundswells (high waves in light wind); Dünung 131
SA ludun-ĕ : manatee ("sea-cow"); Seekuh 45; ~ lusun-ĕ. Likely loanwords; cf. duyun and note AN *Duyuŋ
1. SA lugu (ma-) : fat, fatty; fett sein 109
2. SA lugu : bend over, bow; sich bücken 69
SA luka (ma-) : maiden, Mädchen 29; < UA (ma)ruka
SA luke : give, geben 66; < UA ruke
1. SA lula : to smear, einschmieren 27
2. SA lula(-ke) : to order, befehlen 30
SA luli : to string, arrange in a row; aufreihen 152
SA lulu : to pluck, pflücken 30
lumut : moss, Moos 14
SS lusi : hawk, Habicht 22; cf. SB nusi
SA lusu : to slip, slide; ausgleiten 149
SA lusun-e : manatee ("sea-cow"), Seekuh 45; cf. ludun-ĕ, duyun
SA luva : to open, öffnen 57
M
ma-asi : salty, salzig sein 104
ma-au : to shade, schatten 75
mada : to dry, trocken 89;>SA mala
madamar : north, Norden 186; > SA madamal-ĕ
mader : animal sp. (usually a marsupial, Ml. cuscus); Baum-, Beutelmarder 40; > SA madel-ĕ
SA madu : to dance, tanzen 41
SA ma-gana : hard, hart sein 109
ma-ina : in front, vorn sein 113; cf. mina, 2.ina
1. ma-ira : large, gross sein 47; > SA ila
2. ma-ira : red, rot sein 19
ma-ite : black, schwarz sein 113
SA mala (ka-) : dried, getrocknet 151; < UA mada
SA ma-latĕn-ĕ : Palolo worm 107
malava(w) : mouse, Maus 23; cf. kalava(w)
SA ma-lavut-ĕ : plant sp., Amaranthus 107; cf. lavut
maleun : jungle fowl, Buschhuhn 47
mali : to laugh, lachen 17; cf. SA ma-lipe
SA malimu : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 31; cf. next
SA malinu : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 106
SA ma-lipe : to laugh, lachen 52; cf. UA mali
malu : soft, weich sein 164; > SA malu soft, gentle; sanft sein 30. Cf. next?
malu-malu : slow, langsam sein 111
SA ma-lugu fat, fatty; fett sein 109
SA ma-luka : maiden, Mädchen 29; < UA ma-ruka
mama : to chew, kauen 217
ma-mata : raw, unripe; roh sein 38
1. ma-nipi : thin, dünn sein 48
2. ma-nipi : to dream, träumen 49
manuq : bird, Vogel 46
maŋasa : thirsty, durstig sein 164
ma-rana(y) : man, Mann 18
marona : man, Mann 49
ma-ruka : maiden, Mädchen 18
SA masa : to cook, kochen 150
ma-seri : drunk, betrunken sein 101; > SA ma-seli 37; cf. also ba-seri ???
mata- : eye, Auge 63
mata(y) : dead, tot sein 34
matua : old, alt sein 105
SA mau : mute, stumm sein 113
ma-vina(y) woman, Frau 49; cf. bina(y)
SA mavu : Javanese, javanisch 56
mawa : to yawn, gähnen 75
mede: just, exactly; gerade 40
SA meit-ĕ : salt water, Salzwasser 133
SA meli : strong, stark sein 30
meut : liana, Liane 129
mĕdur : thunder, Donner 40; > SA medul-ĕ 99; cf. next
SA mĕdu- : droning noise, rumble; Gedröhn 99
mĕmĕ- : mother's brother, Mutterbruder 97
SA mĕmul-ĕ : gnat, Mücke 98
SA mĕti : ebb; low tide; Ebbe 35
SA midi : light (in weight); leicht sein 41
SA mimila : crazy, verrückt 107
1. mina : in front, vorn sein 91; cf. ma-ina
2. mina : fat, grease; Fett 46
miŋa : beautiful, schön sein 73
modar : land wind; Landwind 102; > SA modal-ĕ
SA modo : to sink, versinken 43; cf. molo
moi : sharp, scharf sein 164
moli (ta-) : taboo, forbidden; verboten 64; cf. also SA momoli, poli
momol : iron, Eisen 127
momu (pa-la-) : gargle, rinse the mouth; gurgeln 111
SA mosi : ashamed, sich schämen 83
mudi : behind, hinten 19
mude : citrus (lemon?); Zitrone 38; proposed < AN *munti, ibid.
mula-ni : ripe, reif sein 208
SA muli : dull (of color); matt sein 149
muluku : eel, Aal 64
muta : to vomit, sich erbrechen 38
muti : cold (of food); kalt sein (Speisen) 93
N
nadu : long, deep; lang, tief sein 21; > SA nalu
naka : to touch, tasten 49; cf. 2. laka
naka(w) : to steal, stehlen 46
SA nala : tree sp., Pterocarpus indica 90; < UA nara
nama(w) : bay, harbor; Bucht, Hafen 137
nana : pus, Eiter 46
naŋu(y) : to swim, schwimmen 89
nara : tree sp., Pterocarpus 22; > SA nala
nasu : sugar, Zucker 207
nawa : breath, Atem 46
nawa(y) : Aren palm 77
nĕbĕ : to press down, niederdrücken 202; cf. dĕbĕ, sĕbĕ
nĕm : six, sechs 48
nĕŋĕ : to hear, hören 194; cf. dĕŋĕ
1. SA nĕvu : to pull out, herausziehen 150
2. nĕvu : pledge, ransom; Pfand 46; cf. 2. tĕvu
-ni : 3rd pers. possessive marker; Poss.-Pronomen (enklitisch) 141; ~ -i
SS niabĕt : flying fox (fruitbat?): Flughund 49
SS nidu- : nose, Nase 49; cf. also (h)ilu-; and nidu-, ŋidu- (?)
SA nidi- : tooth, Zahn 41; < UA ŋidi; cf. also ŋisi-
SA nid: mouth, Mund 41; < UA ŋidu-; SS nidu- cf. (h)ilu-
niga : already, bereits 68
nika (ta-) : to ask, fragen 33; SA nika
nini (maka-) : disgusted, sich ekeln 111
nipa(y) : snake, Schlange 51 ([RFM] revised to *nipaw in Collins 19....)
1. nipi (ma-) : thin, dünn sein 48
2. nipi (ma-) : to dream, träumen 49
nipil : bee, Biene 49
SA nisa (ma-) : correct, richtig sein 162
SA nisi- : tooth, Zahn 38; < UA ŋisi-; cf. ŋidi, SA nidi
nitu : ghost, Bildseele 46
niwĕr : coconut, Kokosnuss 21SA nudul-ĕ : Nibung palm 26
nuga : scab, scurf; Schorf 48
nunuq : tree sp., Ficus Benjamina 48
nusa : island, Insel 46
SA nusi : hawk, Habicht 50; cf. lusi
nuvu (ba-) : exact, genau sein 159
ŋ
ŋala- : name, Name 15
ŋarĕq : year, Jahr 72 (NB: final *-k proposed on basis of Seran Laut evidence, p.196)
SB ŋeda : leech, Blutegel 38
ŋidi- : tooth, Zahn 45; > SA nidi-; cf. ŋisi-
ŋidu- : mouth, Mund 39; Cf. SA nidu-, SS nidu-; UA (h)ilu- ?
ŋipĕ- : tooth, Zahn 51
ŋisi- : tooth, Zahn 45; cf. ŋidi; SA nisi-
O
ogon : charcoal, Holzkohle 68
SA oi : lance, Lanze 118
okor : ladle, spoon; Schöpflöffel 127; > SA okol-ĕ
SA omin-ĕ : enemy, Feind 118
SA ona(-ni) : (his) voice; (sein) Stimme 108
osi- : ancestor, Vorfahre 148; cf. SA anusi; SA osi- grandchild, Enkel 118
osu : hole, Loch 148
ova : plant sp., Pandanus 118
P
pa- : causative prefix, Kausativa prefix 160
padepa : to speak, sprechen 104
pa-ĕnu : carry in a cloth around the neck; in Tuch um den Hals tragen 104; cf. ĕnu
pagu : to play a flute, flüten 188, ~ "pago" 198 (NB: proposed final AN *ǵ (*j) on basis of Eli-Elat banggor and Seran Laut fagus, 198)
SA pala (sa-) : hit with the hand; schlagen mit der Hand 108; cf. vala
pala(y) : rice, Reis 15
1. pana : bow; arrow; Bogen; Pfeil 186
2. pana (ba-) : hot, heiss sein 159; ~ bana
pana(y) : bait, decoy; Köder 137
pane- : wing, Flügel 15; as "pani-" 91
paniki : flying fox (fruitbat?), Flughund 48
SA papa- : cheek, Wange 52
para(w) : hoarse, heiser sein 138
pari : ray (fish), Roche 16
pasa : to buy, kaufen 189
SA pasu- : cheek, Wange 52
pat : four, vier 51
SA patien-ĕ : dove sp. (white); weisse Fruchttaube 133
pau : mango 53
SB pele : crosswise, quer/schief sein 62; cf. SA bele
penu : turtle sp., Seeschildkröte 46
SA peta : to tie, binden 151
petu : ti tie, binden 217
pĕlu : gall, Galle 15
SA pĕsĕ : to make, machen 99; ~ bĕsĕ
pila : how much? wie viel? 15
SA pili : to take, nehmen; cf. sapili
pitu : seven, sieben 35
SA poli(-ne) : taboo, forbidden; verboten sein 53; cf. moli
SA poli : to stop up, verstopfen 155
SA popo : few, little; wenig sein 53
pudi : banana 38
puĕ- : origin, Ursprung 51
puki : vulva 65
pukĕt : dragnet, Zugnetz 33
pulut : lime, glue; Klebstoff 50; ~ bulut
puna : to make, machen 48; ~ buna
SA punu : bunch (of fruits); Fruchttross 53
puri (sa-) : spin, rotate; runddrehen 62; cf. sapuri, sabuli
pusa : sick, krank sein 51
puse- : navel, Nabel 218; as "pusĕ-" 15
pusu- : heart, Herz 52
R
radina(y) : road, path; Weg 139; cf. ladinay)
ramut : root, Wurzel 16
rana(y) (ma-) : man, Mann 18
rawa : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 17
raya : large, gross sein 19
rema : eel sp., Seeaal 17
revi : overflow, überschreiten (Gewässer) 54
rĕsĕt : wall, Wand 17
risa : war, Krieg 190
rita : spread, extend; ausbreiten 18
riti : copper, Kupfer 20
rodo : pitiable, bemitleidenswert 17
ruka (ma-) : maiden, Mädchen 18
ruke : to give, geben 18;>SA luke
ruma : house, Haus 17
rusuq : rib, Rippe 16
S
saba-kuku : ring, Fingerring 111; cf. gugu finger
SA sabuli : spin, rotate; runddrehen 62; cf. (sa-)puri
sade : lean on, sich anlehnen 18
SA sagege : carry (under the arm): unter den Arm tragen 69; cf. gege armpit
sai : to row, rudern 121; cf. 2. sali ?
sa-isat : sieve (noun); Sieb 104; ~ isat
saka(y) : to rise, steigen 64;>SA saka
SA sa-ledu : to cook, kochen 108
1. SA sali : to attack, überfallen 27
2. SA sali : oar, Ruder 86; cf. sai ?
SA saliva : blanket, Schlafdecke 45; ~ daliva
sama : part; to separate; Teil, teilen 156; also as pa-sama 105
SA samal-ĕ : bird sp. (swallow); Seeschwalbe 132
SA sana : branch, Ast 37; < UA saŋa
SA sanasa : (hand)span, Spanne 45; ~ danasa
SA sanili : assembly, Versammlung 166
saŋa : branch, Zweig 48
sapa : to hook, catch; anhaken 154
SA sapala : hit with the hand; schlagen mit der Hand 108; cf. vala
SA sapili : to choose, wählen 109; cf. pili
SA sapoi : poor, arm sein 53
SB sa-puri : rotate, spin; runddrehen 62; cf. sabuli
sara : to sweep, fegen 18
sari : shoulder-blade, Schulterblatt 36
sau : to sew, nähen ....PAGE
SA savaq-ĕ : scoop, dipper; Schöpfgefäss 76
save : to buy, kaufen 36
SA savu : to exceed, überschreiten 57
1. sawa : to marry, heiraten 77; wife, Gattin 79
2. sawa : lake, Meer 80
sawe : brother-in-law, Schwager 45; ~ dawe
SA sebe : press, drücken 61; cf. sĕbĕ, dĕbĕ, nĕbĕ
sedu : to weave, weben 18; > 3. SA selu
sege : branch, Zweig 68
SA sei : who?, wer? 37
SA seit-ĕ : knife, Messer 37
SA seke : to sift, sieben 108;>SA s-ĕn-eket-ĕ sieve, Sieb108
1. sela : go in between, zwischendurchgehen 101; cf. next ?
2. SA sela : to weave, weben 150
sele : sick, krank sein 186; ~ sĕlĕ
SA sĕlĕt-ĕ : wasp, Wespe 45; ~ delet-ĕ; < UA seret
seli : to exchange, tauschen 100; ~ sili; cf. 2.selu ?
1. selu : fish sp.; Name eines Fisches 94
2. selu: to exchange, eintauschen 101
3. SA selu : to weave, weben 153; < sedu
1. SA sene : hungry, hungrig sein 36
2. SA sene : to stop up, verstopfen 149
sepu : ready, fertig sein 51; cf. sĕpu
seret : wasp, Wespe 36;>SA selet-ĕ, delet-ĕ
sevi : ginger, Ingwer 54
sĕbĕ : to press down; niederdrücken 202; cf. dĕbĕ, nĕbĕ, sebe
SA sĕbu : ready, fertig sein 62; cf. sĕpu
SA sĕga : to stab, stechen 69
1. SA sĕgĕ : to block, bar; versperren 70
2. SA sĕgĕ : to crush, zerdrücken 98
sĕgĕt : flood, Flut 68; > SA sĕgĕt-ĕ ~ sĕkĕt-ĕ 99
SA sĕkĕt-ĕ : flood, Flut 99
sĕlĕ (ma-) : sick, krank sein 22; cf. sele
sĕnĕ : to ask for, demand; verlangen 48
sĕnĕdu : put on clothes, Kleider anziehen 111
sĕneka : to plant, anpflanzen 104
sĕnulat : creator ? scoop ?; Schöpfer (ambiguous) 103; perhaps cf. 2,3 sula ?
sĕŋĕt : stinging gnat, Steckmücke 36; > SA sĕnĕt-ĕ 98
sĕpu : ready, fertig sein 36; SS, SB id.; SA sĕbu; also (UA) sepu
SA sĕsu : to land, landen 99
sĕpu : ready, fertig sein 36; SS, SB id.; SA sĕbu, also (UA) sepu
SA sĕsu : to land, landen 99
SA sĕvu : wave, Welle 45; ~ dĕvu
siavuq : Coleus tuberosa (sweet potato?) 56
sibĕ to jump, springen 61
SA sibil-ĕ : gadfly, Bremse 26
sidu : to spoon out, auslöffeln 152; cf. next
sidu : spoon, Löffel 93; as "sidu-t" 20
siga : cat, Katz (proposed < Ml/Indic singa)
sigu : elbow, Ellenbogen 71; ~ 1. siku
1. siku : elbow, Ellenbogen 64; ~ sigu; cf. next
2. siku : corner, Ecke 65
1. sila : to land, landen 36
2. SA sila : chest, breast; Brust 37; cf. next?
3. SA sila : to split, spalten 108; > SA s-ĕn-ilat-ĕ split (noun)
SA silan : lightning, Blitz 27
1. sili : to exchange, tauschen 36; ~ seli
2. sili : to insert (between); zwischen etw. stecken 91; perhaps cf. 4. SA sili ?
3. SA sili : taboo-mark, Verbotszeichen 156
4. SA sili : to shove, schieben 30
sina : (day)light, Licht 45; cf. SA dina
sira : refuse, garbage; Abfall 91
sisi- : breadth, Breite 91
SA sisila : rusted, verrostet 107
SA siva : to open, öffnen 14
sisi- : breadth, Breite 91
SA sisila : rusted, verrostet 107
SA siva : to open, öffnen 149
1. siwa : nine, neun 36
2. siwa : raise a child; ein Kind führen 36
1. SA soba : to sail, segeln 38
2. soba : to swear, schwören 58
SS sobit : rhinocerus bird (hornbill?); Jahrvogel 129
sodet : noose, cord; Schlinge 169; > SA solet-ĕ
sokur : plant sp., Kaempferia 22; > SA sokul-ĕ 45; ~ dokul-ĕ,
SA sole : to tie up, fastbinden 37, < sodet; cf. next
SA solet-ĕ : cord, Strick 31
SA solo : carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 27
sora : to pour, begiessen 102
SA sosa : to file, feilen 37
SA sou : word, Wort 38
sua : mouth, Mund 186
suba : tree sp., Ficus Benjamina 60
1. SA subi : to point, aim at; zeigen, zielen 36
2. subi : to jump, springen 60
SA subit-ĕ : bat, Fledermaus 61; cf. supit
subu : to find, finden 36
suda : to stab, stechen 92; cf. 1.sula
sugu : to bathe, baden 69; ~ suku 196
sukun : tree sp., Artocarpus 36
1. sula : man-trap, Fussangel 213; cf. suda
2. sula : to write, schreiben 15; cf. next
3. SA sula : to decorate, verzieren 108; > s-ĕn-ulat-ĕ decoration
sulu : torch, Fackel 193
SA suma (ma-) : sweet, süss sein 167
sumaŋe- : soul, Seele 103; as "sumaŋĕ-" 104
supit : bat, Fledermaus 130; cf. SA subit-ĕ
susu : breast, Brüste 95
T
ta : not, nicht 213
SA tabalan-ĕ : bench, Sitzbank 44; ~ dabalan-ĕ
tabĕlĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 22
taber : earth, Erde 90; ~ tabir 182 > SA tabil-ĕ 61; cf. also tabur, tubur
SA tabuan-ĕ : weeds, Unkraut 61
tabur : earth, Erde 129; cf. tabir ~ taber, tubur
tada : to grate, raspeln 153
tadegu : to close, schliessen 104
taderi : to rip out, herausreissen 105
tadigi : fingernail, Fingernagel 34; ~ tadiki 71
SA taĕna : to know, kennen 109
tagalasi : basket, Korb 210
tagi : to go, gehen 68; ~ dagi
tai- : excrement, Kot 33; cf. SA tatai
SA tailan : assembly-house, Versammlungshaus 109
takĕra : throat, Gurgel 35
1. taku : (cooking) pan, Tiegel 64
2. SA taku (ma-) : afraid, sich fürchten 66
takudi : wife's family, relatives; Weibliche Familie 86;>SA takuli
SA takunu : soul, Seele 106
talaya : middle, Mitte 81 (NB: the usual indication of proto-level-- as UA, SA etc.-- is omitted from this item. I [RFM] believe the *y here irreg. reflects AN *j (*ǵ), on the basis of other eastern IN cognates.)
SA ta-lava : to cover, bedecken 108
taliŋa : ear, Ohr 19
SA tamata : person, Mensch 34
tame-ni : other, anders 44; ~ dame-ni
ta-moli : taboo, forbidden, verboten sein 33; as (ta-)moli 63; cf. also moli, poli
tamuraq : tin, Zinn 19 (NB UA *r proposed < AN *R on basis of Bonfie temosa 202)
tamut- : root, Wurzel 207; as tamut-i its root 142; cf. ramut ?
SA tana : to take, nehmen 43
SA tanama : pool, Pfütze 44; ~ danama
tanĕ : to plant, pflantzen 48; ~ danĕ
SA tanama : pool, Pfütze 44; ~ danama
tanĕ : to plant, pflantzen 48; ~ danĕ
tanika : to ask, fragen 33; cf. nika
taŋi : to weep, weinen 36
taro : to put, place; hinstellen 74
taru : to promise, geloben 153; > t-ĕn-aru promise (noun) 104
tasiq : salt, Salz 34
SA tatai : dirty, schmutzig sein 35; cf. tai-
tau : full, voll sein 103; pa-tau to fill, füllen 103; SA tau-ni its contents; sein Inhalt 34
SA taulĕt-ĕ : keel, Kiele 99
tava : to stab, stechen 183; ~ dava
SA tavali : to help, helfen 57
taveda : tree sp., Nangka 55
tavu : testicles, Hoden 55
tavudi : trumpet, Trompete 16; > SA tavuli 56
SA tawa : to light, illuminate; beleuchten 154; cf. tawat-ĕ
SA tawal-ĕ : mat, Matte 78
SA tawat-ĕ : torch, Fackel 133
SA taweiq-ĕ : plant sp., Rhizophore (Bruguiera) 79
SA teba : to cut off, abschneiden 61
tedin : Bamboo (sp.) 101; ~ tĕdin; > SA telin
SA teit-ĕ : garment (festive); Festgewand 35
tele (ma-) : pleasant, angenehm ein 189; > SA ma-tele tasty 25; as UA ma-tele-ti tasty 207
SA telewa : Banana 35
SA telin : Bamboo 101
telor-i : its egg; sein Ei 85; cf. tĕlur
SA tene : to tie, binden 101
tenu : to try, versuchen 217
tepe : to test, probieren 33
teu : to scoop, schöpfen 152
tewa : to know, wissen 78
tĕbĕlĕ : snake, Schlange 98
tĕdin : Bamboo 20; ~ tedin
tĕlĕ : to swallow, schlucken 14
tĕlu : three, drei 17
tĕlur : egg, Ei 16; cf. telor-i
tĕnaru : to promise, versprechen 33; cf. taru
SA tĕneta : washed, gewaschen 151
tĕnita : mountain, Berg 48
tĕpuq : fowl, Huhn 34
tĕtĕ : to cut off, abschneiden 34; cf. SA tĕtĕ behead, köpfen 155 and vatete chisel
tĕtu- : cape (geog.), Kap 93; cf. SA tĕtun-ĕ 34
1. tĕvu : sugarcane, Zuckerrohr 33
2. tĕvu : to ransom, freikaufen 36; cf. nĕvu
tia(-ni) : (his) belly; (sein) Bauch 184
tiba : to scoop, schöpfen 33
tibil : basket, Korb 127
SA tigal-ĕ : enemy, Feind 69; cf. next
SA tigan-ĕ : enemy, Feind 92
SA tili : to urinate, urinieren 43; < UA tiri
1. SA tilu : to give, geben 157
2. SA tilu : to point, zeigen 27
3. tilu : tick (insect), Zecke 93
timur : east, Osten 33; > SA timul-ĕ 30
timun : cucumber, Gurke 91
tinan : Bamboo (sp.) 91
tiri : to urinate, urinieren 20
tita : to arrange, ordnen 35 (perhaps the base of tĕnita mountain?)
tita(y) : bridge, Brücke 138
titi : to sprinkle, besprengen 75
SA tiva : to stab, stechen 43
tival : (hand-)drum, Handtrommel 56
SA tivi : to cut off, abschneiden 93; to end, beendigen 157
1. tivu : to fly, fliegen 195; ~ divu
2. SA tivu : pond, Teich 57
tobaq : lance, Lanze 58; ~ tubaq
SA toka : to prop up, stützen 152; cf. next
tokan : stick, staff; Stock 216
toku : gaze into the distance; in die Ferne blicken 194; ~ doku
SA tokun-ĕ : star, Stern 65
SA tolu : river, Fluss 134
SA toma : to prop up, stützen PAGE>>>
SA tomol-ĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 26
SA tona : mud, Schlamm 35
tora : to belch, rülpsen 102; cf. dola
toto : to stutter, stammer; stottern 102
1. tovo : to hit, strike, schlagen 56; cf. next?
2. SA tovo : to chop, klatschen 43
1. tua (ma-) : old, alt sein 105
2. SS tua- : belly, Bauch 34
tuaq : palm-wine, Ml. tuak; Palmwein 75
tuba : to sit, sitzen 59
tubaq : spear, Speer 60; ~ tobaq
tu-bĕbĕ : tortoise, Karettschildkröte 61
SA tubi : bead, Glasperle 165
tubu : to sprout, spriessen 202; ~ tuvu
SS tubur : island, Insel 61; cf. tabur, tabir ~ taber earth, Erde
tudiq : knife, Messer 196 (NB final *-k proposed on basis of Seran-Laut turik. But [RFM] is there a possible connection with Jav./Indic curiga knife ?)
tudu : to sleep, schlafen 25
tue : to sit, sitzen 114; cf. next
SA tuĕ : to sit, sitzen 43
tugu : to wait, bewachen 67
tui : to give, geben 90; ~ tue
tulu- : knee, Knie 33
1. tunu : to burn, brennen 39; SA tutunu. Cf. dunu, and next?
2. tunu : to shoot, schiessen 48
tura : and, with; und, mit 92; cf. contradictory UA tula ~ tuda; SA tula 35 < any of these
turu : to descend, herabsteigen 17;>SA tulu
SA tutu : to peck, picken 160; to pound, stampfen 35
SA tuvu : to sprout, sprossen 57; cf. tubu
U
ua : aunt, Tante 94
ubu : ancestor, Ahnherr 58; ~ upu
1. udan : crustacean, shrimp; Garneele 19 CORRECT?? NOT -ŋ??
2. udan : rain, Regen 16
1. udu: point, tip; Spitze 38
2. SA udu : crab, Krabbe 45; ~ 2. usu
ulat : mushroom, Pilz 130 (NB irreg. loss of AN initial *k-)
ule : maggot, Made 100; cf. next
ulĕ : worm, Wurm 16; SA ule
uli : to return, zurückkehren 18
ulu : head, Kopf 14
SA ulut-ĕ : oil, gerönnenes Öl 133
SA umala : moon, Mond 135; cf. next
SA umale : moon, Mond, 89
unaq : scales (of fish); Schuppe 75
1. upa : to wipe off, abwischen 124
2. upa- : face, Gesicht 52
upu : grandfather, Grossvater 62; cf. ubu
SA uput-ĕ : coconut husk/fiber; Kokosbast 53
1. urat : mountain, Berg 19
2. urat : vein, tendon; Ader 16
SA usali : assembly house; Versammlungshaus 37 (NB [RFM] ult. a probable loan, via **(k,g)usali, believed to be < Indic)
usa(y) : dolphin, Delfin 137
SA usat-ĕ : thousand, Tausend 133
usi : Citrus (sp.) 94
1. usu : to enter, eintreten 124
2. SA usu : crab, Krabbe; ~ udu
utan : vegetable(s), Gemüse 49
1. ute- : pith, marrow; Merk 100; cf. next
2. SA ute- : brain, Gehirn 117
SA uteq-ĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 99; cf. 1. ute- ?
uti- : penis 34
1. utu : to groan, stöhnen 124
2. utu(-ni) : hundred, hundert 94
uvi : tuber sp. (Ml. ubi); Erdfrucht 54
uwa(y) : rattan 77
V
SA vada : spread out, ausgebreitet 42
SA vail-ĕ : mat, Matte 62; ~ bail-ĕ
vaka : to split, break; zerbrechen 64
1. SA vala : to carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 56; cf. vara
2. SA vala : hand, Hand 87; cf. sapala
valesa : to spread out, ausbreiten 104
1 vali : to turn, wenden 92; turn around, umkehren 56
2. SA vali : there, dort 62; ~ vale, bali
valu: widow, Witwe 25
vango : to wake up, aufwachen 71
vara : front or upper extremity, shoulder; vorders Extremität 17; cf. SA vala
varat : west, Westen 24
varu : plant sp., Hibiscus 22
vata- : trunk, stem; Stamm 34
SA vateteq : chisel (noun), Meissel 107; as verb, SA vatete to chisel 154; cf. tĕtĕ
vatĕlu : coarse, grob sein 94
SA vatila : bean, Bohne 25
vatu : stone, Stein 33
vatuka : intestines, Eingeweide 34
vau- : smell, odor; Geruch 112
va-uddi : seat, rear end; Gesäss 38; cf. badi, mudi
vava- : top, upper surface; Oberseite 56
SS vavait : to flood, overflow; überschwemmung 129
vavu(y) : pig, Schwein 134
SA veda : to unfold, sich entfalten 156
velat : meat, flesh; Fleisch 142
veleq : oil, Öl 101; ~ vĕlĕq
veli : price, Kaufpreis 14
SA velu : crooked, krumm sein 167
veŋa(y) : fly (insect), Fliege 55; cf. SA bena
SA vete : to throw down, hinwerfen 161
l. vetu : to awake, erwachen 100
2. SA vetu : to tell, erzählen 35
SA veu : to weigh, wägen 154
vĕkĕ : to tie, binden 198
vĕlĕq : oil, Öl 22; ~ veleq
vĕnĕ : smoke, Rauch 96
vĕru : new, neu sein 21; > SA vĕlu
vĕta(w) : sibling, Geschwister 34
vĕtĕn : millet, Gerste 96
SA vĕvĕ : under, unten 57
vina(y) (ma-) : woman, Frau 49; ~ bina(y)
visa : lemon-grass, Zitrongras 55
vita : to hit, schlagen 123
1. viti : to lift up, emporheben 55
2. viti : calf, shin; Unterschenkel 33
vivi- : lip(s), Lippe 54
SA voda : to draw out, herausholen 41
SA voi : to bathe, baden 102
voki : to pack, einpacken 91
1. vola : to split, spalten 102
2. SA vola : weapon, Gewehr 27
3. vola : bubble, Blase 102
SA vole : to tie, binden 27; cf. next?
SA voli : to sew, nähen 27
votu : to rise, come to the surface; an die Überfläche kommen 217
1. vua : fruit, Frucht 92; areca-nut 55
2. SA vua : throw down, hinwerfen 161
SS vudu- : mouth, Mund 40
SA vuel-ĕ : hole, Loch 133
SA vuĕ : iguana, Waran 63; ~ buĕ
vugu : gong 71; ~ vuku, buku
SA vui : empty, leer sein 167; cf. vuvuke?
vuka- : belly, Bauch 56; cf. kabu- ?
vukar : mountain, Berg 92
vuka(w) : hair, Haar 136
1. vuku : gong 65; ~ buku, vugu
2. vuku : knot, Knorren 65
vula : foam, Schaum 17; cf. buda
vulan : moon, Mond 14
vulawan : gold 54
vuli- : stalk (of fruits); Fruchtstand 91
vulu- : feather, Feder 21
vuni : to hide, verbergen 93
vuŋen : roofpeak, Dachfirst 73
vuru : bad, schlecht sein 19; cf. buru
vuser : foam, Schaum 131
vusur : archer's bow, Bogen 36; > SA vusul-ĕ
1. SA vuta(-ni) : (his) skin; (sein) Haut 144
2. SA vuta : grass, Gras 35
SA vutil-ĕ : wart, Warze 86
1. SA vutu : cut, clip (hair); schneiden, Haar knüpfen 108
2. vutu : ten, zehn 55
1. SA vuvu- : point, tip, summit; Spitze, Gipfel 145
2. SA vuvu : fish-trap, Reuse 57
vuvuq : dust, powder; Mulm
Sa vuvuke : empty, leer sein 107; cf. vui ?
vuwaya : crocodile 56
W
SA wabe : ripe, reif sein 61
SA wada : to guard, bewachen 41
wadu- : neck, Hals 77
waga : canoe, Kahn 67; ~ waka
SA wagil-ĕ : oil, Öl 69
SA wai : to spin, rotate, umdrehen 79
1. waka : canoe, Kahn 71; ~ waga
2. SA waka : older brother, älterer Brüder 79
3. SA waka- : seat, rear end; Gesäss 65; cf. wakar ?
wakar : root, Wurzel 65
wakat : Rhizophore 64
wakĕt : taboo-sign, Verbotszeichen 86
wala- : strand/lock of hair, Strähne 206
wali : younger brother, jüng. Brüder 25
SA walĕt-ĕ : liana 79; < UA warĕt
walu : eight, acht 19
SA wana : lively, legendig 80
wanat : Bamboo (sp.) 78
warĕt : liana 96; rope, Strang 141 (NB Proposes UA *r < AN *R on basis Bonfia wasat, p.202)
waru : fish sp., Waru-fisch 22
SA watal(-i) : (its) stalk; (sein) Stengel 86
wayĕr : water, Wasser 17
wedi : a grass sp., Ml. alang-alang 22; > SA weli; cf. also wĕdi
SA weda : provisions (for jouney), Wegkost 41
SA weiq-ĕ : Cinnamomum 79
wesiq : forest, Wald 77
SA weta : needle, Nadel 77
SA wetel- : infant, Säugling 78
weti : sago-pounder, Sagoklopfer 78
weur : dew, Tau (Niederschlag) 188
wĕdi : alang-alang grass 77; ~ wedi
SA wodu : shark, Hai 79; ~ wosu
SA wosu : shark, Hai 45; ~ wodu