UR-AMBONISCHES WÖRTERVERZEICHNIS


An index to reconstructions is Stresemann's (1927)

"Lauterscheinungen in den Ambonischen Sprachen"


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NOTES FOR SPECIAL ATTENTION: sub malimu etc. Pflanzung -- settlement, plantation??

sub sěnulat Schöpfer....?? sub 3.vola Blase-- I suspect = "bubble" as the word is probably a variant of vula 'foam'... (Ignore the weird formatting, it's temporary)

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I compiled this index to Stresemann's "Lauterscheinungen" back in the 1970s, when, working on Lettinese and other eastern Indonesian languages, I needed a quick finder-list of his reconstructions. I've been pleased to see, over the years, that it has also proven useful to other investigators (as Mills, 1977ms). Still, while it may already be known, through fading Xerox copies, to researchers in the area, I have decided to make it available in this more permanent and more legible form.


Admittedly by this point, perhaps, it will have only archival value, since to some extent, like Stresemann's work itself, it has been superseded by the great amount of research carried out in the Ambonese and eastern Indonesian areas in the intervening years. I would mention in particular James Collins' Chicago dissertation (since published, 1983, as Pacific Linguistics D-47). Happily, thanks in large part to the SIL, it is no longer true-- as I wrote in 1977-- that "the Ambonese area is one of the least-investigated of AN-speaking areas;" nor must we deal anymore with "the amateurish nature of many of [Stresemann's] 19th Century sources," aside, of course, from their abiding historical value.


Stresemann's classification of Ur-Ambon (UA) into subgroups "Sub-Ambon, Sub-Seran, Sub-Buru", is probably no longer valid, but since I am following his format, those terms are used here (abbreviated SA, SS, SB in the list). Others have noted, I believe, what I pointed out in his "Sub-Buru" as


an apparent methodological error...: AN *ģ [Dempwolff's symbol, modern *j], is said to have merged with *r and *l > UA **l. But in the three Sub-Buru languages, the **l < *ģ goes to Ø, while the **l < *r,l remains unchanged, [implying] either (1) the SB languages should have been excluded from the Ambonese family...or (2) a separate UA reflex of *ģ should have been reconstructed.


The list also contains forms which appear to be contradictory in Stremann's own terms-- viz. doublets with *r ~ *l or *d ~ *l; perhaps these result from undetected loanwords in the daughter languages, if they are not simply omissions of the subgroup tag, e.g. without "SA," a form is assumed to be "UA". For the sake of consistency, I follow Stresemann's orthography (most nowadays would prefer "mb, nd, ŋg" for his "b, d, g"), but for typographical convenience, I substitute "ŋ" for his "n-superscript dot" = velar nasal, and "q" for his apostrophe = final glottal stop (and note that from Collins' work, it seems clear that more final stops than Stresemann allowed for were retained in these languages).


The following table of Stresemann's correspondences between AN - Ur-Ambon and Sub-Ambon may be useful (Sub-Seran and Sub-Buru are omitted, as they do not figure prominently in the work)



AN

l

j(ģ)

r

R(γ)

d

D

z

t

s

nd

nD

nz

nj

nt

ns

UA

l

r

d

t

s

d (=nd)

SA

l

t

s

d


AN

n

ñ(ń)

p

b

mp

mb

m

k

g

ŋk

ŋg

ŋ

UA

n

p

v

b (=mb)

m

k

g (=ŋg)

ŋ

SA

n

p

v

b

m

k

g

n


AN

h

w

y

i

u

a

ě(ə,e)

UA

(h)

w

y

i, e

u, o

a

ě, e, o

SA

Ø

w

y

i, e

u, o

a

ě, e, o


Note that no account is taken of Dempwolff's *ţ or *nţ (modern *T, nT); "*h" reflects Dempwolff's set of correspondences, not necessarily those of modern *q; and modern *h of *S (Dempwolff's spiritus lenis) is completely absent.


We give a brief English gloss, the original German gloss, and the page number where the item first appears. I have not deemed it necessary to include AN etyma.

____________________________

Stresemann, Erwin, 1927. Die Lauterscheinungen in den Ambonischen Sprachen. Zeitschrift für Einge-borenen Sprachen, Beiheft 10.

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A

SA abal-ĕ : wild pig, Wildschwein 61


abata(y) : wound, Wunde 34


aber : spittle, saliva; Speichel 215; > SA abel-ĕ : slime, Schleim 61


ada- : chin, Kinn 18


SA adaya : long, lang sein 82


ai- : leg, Bein 115


aku : I, ich 64


alĕ : thou, du 97; > SA ale 27

SA ali : basket, Tragkorb 30


SS a-lipan : millipede, Skolopender 47; cf. UA lipan


SA alita : forest spirit, Waldgeist 108


alu : rice-pounder, pestle; Reisstampfer 93


ama- : father, Vater 115


SA aman-ĕ : village, Dorf 115


ana : plait, weave; flechten 116


anaq : child, Kind 46

ana(y) : termite, Termite 137


SA anĕt-ĕ : Dioscorea sp. 109


anu (ma-) : drift, float; auf Wasser treiben 74


SA anusi : ancestor, Vorfahre 108


aŋin : wind, Wind 71


apur : lime, Kalk 17


apu(y) : fire, Feuer 51


1. asa : gills, Kiemen 36


2. asa : sharpen, whet; schleifen 117; cf. SA basa-kĕ


asi (ma-) : salty, salzig sein 104


1. asu : dog, Hund 36


2. asu : draw/fetch water; (Wasser) holen 124


ata : slave, Sklave 217


atĕq : roof, Dachbedeckung 33

au (ma-) to shade, schatten 75


aur : bamboo, Bambus 219; > SA aul-ĕ 113


SA ava : turn (upwards), aufwarts kehren 150; cf. next?


SA avat-ĕ : top, Überseite 118


SA avi : to hook, catch; anhaken 116


avun : dove sp., Fruchttaube 49; > SA avun-ĕ id., blue 133


awa- : loins, waist; Lende 75


1. SA awen-ĕ : shield, Schild 79; cf. next?


2. SA awen-ĕ : basket, Tragkorb 80


SA awut-ĕ : boundary, Grenze 113


SA aysi : damar resin, Damarharz 37; cf. UA gaysi



B (= *mb, mp)

baba : pound, beat; klopfen 61


ba-didi : cold, kalt sein 40


badi : rear end, seat; Gesäss 91; cf. va-udi ?


SA bail-ĕ : mat, Matte 26; ~ vail-ĕ 63


baku : sago-bread, Sagobrot 58


SA baluq-ĕ : Nibung palm 133


1. SA bali : there, dort 63; ~ vali 60


2. bali ~ bale : left, links 90; cf. kubali 60

SA balutu : sailboat, Segelfahrzeug 61


bana : hot, heiss sein 47; ~ ba-pana 159


SA basa-kĕ : sharpen, whet; wetzen 37; cf. 2. asa


ba-seri GLOSS PAGE NO.?? ;cf. ma-seri?


1. SA bata : wet, nass sein 61; cf. next?


2. SA bata : to swell, schwellen 150


batĕ : Mangifera odorata 60


1. SA bela : ready, fertig sein 25; cf. next

2. bela : friend, Freund 100; > SA id.


1. SA bele : crosswise, quer sein 62; cf. SB pele 62


2. bele : throw, wegwerfen 100; > SA ta-bele-ke 30


bene : obstruct, stop up; verstopfen 60


SA bena : fly (insect), Fliege 63; < UA veŋa(y)


beŋu : turtle sp., Landschildkröte .....[PAGE NO?]


bera : heavy, schwer sein 58


bĕnu : full, voll sein 58


bĕrĕn : Nipah palm 22


SA bĕsĕ : to make, machen 37; cf. UA pĕsĕ


bĕtu : day, daytime; Etmal 96


bia : Sago 60; cf. lĕ-bia Sago palm 58


bibi : goat, Ziege 60


SA bidi : Spring tide, Springflut 43


bina(y) : woman, Frau 62; ~ (ma-)vina(y)


biŋa-vatu : pottery vessel, Steingutschüssel 111


SA bisu : cockroach, Schabe 61


bobo : braid rope, Tau drehen 102


SA bodol-ĕ : bead, Glasperle 41

bodu : yellow, gelb sein 40; > SA id.; cf. next?


SA bodu-bodu : dusk, evening; Vorabend 46


SA boot(-i) : (its) smoke, (sein) Rauch 177


bosun : menstruation house, Menstruationshaus 102


SA bou : to bark, bellen 61


buan : dove sp., Fruchttaube 61


buda : wet, nass sein 39; cf. vula foam?


buen : rat, Ratte 60


buĕ : iguana, Waran 60; ~ vuĕ 63


buku : gong, Gong 94; ~ 1. vuku, vugu


SA bulen-ĕ : Nipah palm 83; ~ SA bulĕn-ĕ; cf. UA bĕrĕn ?


SA buli : embrace, umarmen 61


bulut : glue, lime; Klebstoff 33; ~ pulut


buna : to make, machen 184; ~ puna


SA bunal-ĕ : rib of a leaf, Blattrippe 95


buru : to rot, verdorben 58; ~ vuru


SA busi : all, alle 95


buti : white, weiss sein 58







D (< *d, D, z [*Z?])

daki : dirt on the skin, Schmutzkruste 64


1. dalan : path, road; Weg 46; cf. dala


2. dalan : thousand, Tausend 21


dalĕ- interior, Inneres 20


dama- : eye, Auge 19


dana(w) : lake, See 18


dara : blood, Blut 19


darĕ : ground, soil; Boden 18


datar : plain; level; Ebene 21


datu : king, König 16


1. dau : far, fern sein 16


2. dau : leaf, Blatt 22


daya : mainland, Festland 44; ~ daya


depa : fathom, Klafter; ~ dĕpa; > SA lepa


desi : more, mehr 193; cf. lesi id. 24 (NB: UA d~l is contradictory; perhaps "SA" designation was omitted from lesi. RFM)

dĕbĕ : press down, niederdrucken 202; ~ sĕbĕ, nĕbĕ; SA sebe. (NB: UA d~s is not a possible alteration; perhaps mispr. "d" for "d", reg. < *ns.)


dĕŋĕ : to hear, hören 19; ~ nĕŋĕ


dĕpa : fathom, Klafter 24; ~ depa


dĕtĕ : over, above, oben sein 19; > SA lĕtĕ


didi : cold, kalt sein 38 (NB usually prefixed, cf. ba-didi)


diŋĕ : carry (on the back), auf Rücken tragen 21; ~ lingĕ; SA linĕ 157 < either form, but UA d~l, as

noted, is contradictory


diri : house-poles, pilings; Hauspfahl 16


doi : little, klein sein 44; ~ doi


duri : thorn, Dorn 18


duwa : two, zwei 18; more commonly as *dua 76


duyun : manatee ("sea-cow"), Seekuh 22; cf. SA lusun-ĕ, ludun-ĕ



D (< nt, nd, nD, nc, nz,nj)

SA dabalan-ĕ : bench, Sitzbank 44; ~ tabalan-ĕ


SA dadau : infant, Säugling 42


dagi : go, gehen 194; ~ tagi


dala : row, line; Reihe 39. Proposed < AN *Zalan 43


SA dalat-ĕ : current, Strömmung 42

SA daliva : blanket, Schlafdecke 45; ~ saliva


SA dalon-ĕ : flying fox (fruit-bat), Flughund 41


SB dalu : Betel 40


damar : damar resin, Damarharz 39; cf. ma-damar?

dame-ni : other, anders 44 (*-ni is a possessive marker)


SA dana : strong, stark sein 42


SA danasa : (hand)span, Spanne 45; ~ sanasa


SA danama : pool, Pfütze 44; ~ tanama


danĕ : to plant, pflantzen 184; ~ tanĕ


SS daniq : day, Tage 40


dao : to howl, heulen 40; cf. SA dadau ? 2. lau ?

1. dau : red, rot sein 40


2. dau : brother-in-law, Schwager 112; cf. dawe ?


dava : to stab, stechen 184; ~ tava


dawe : brother-in-law, Schwager 45; ~ sawe


daya : mainland, Festland 40; ~ daya


SA de : or, oder 41


SA delet-ĕ : wasp, Wespe 45; ~ selet-ĕ < UA *seret


SA dĕdu : carry (on the head), tragen (auf dem Kopf) 41


dĕkaq : rain, Regen 40; cf. SA deka 43 (-Ø irreg.?)


dĕlĕ : tree sp., Erythrina 22


SA dĕvu : wave, Welle 45; ~ sĕvu


1. SA dila : afraid, sich fürchten 25

2. SA dila (ma-) : bitter, bitter sein 46


SA dina : light, Licht; cf. UA sina


SA divu: to fly, fliegen 92; cf. UA tivu


SA dobun-ĕ : youth, young person; Jüngling 41


doi : little, klein sein 44; ~ doi


doku : gaze (into the distance); in die Ferne blicken 194; ~ toku


SA dokul-ĕ : plant sp., Kaempferia 45; ~ sokul-ĕ < UA sokur


SA dola : to belch, rülpsen 83; cf. UA tora


SA dolo(-li) : short, kurz sein 31 (element -li is unidentified)


SA dosil-ĕ : plant sp., Morus paniculata 42


1. SA dovu : wave, Welle 102; cf. SA dĕvu ~ sĕvu, and next?


2. dovu : to strand, run aground; stranden 102


dua : self, selbst 40


duan : raft, Floss 90; > SA duan-ĕ 41


SA dudu : push down, herabstossen 15


dula : and, und 44; cf. SA tula 44; but also UA tura, which cannot be a regular alternant of *dula because of contradictory *r/l; perhaps dula should be marked "SA"


dunu : warmth, heat; Sonnenwärme, Wärme 39; ~ tunu






E (< *i, ə)


SA ebu : tobacco pouch, Tabakstäschen 62; cf. SB epu


edan : ladder, Leiter 74; ~ ĕdan


SA ede : narrow, schmal sein 42


SA edi : to bring, bringen 186; ~ ĕdi


SA elan-ĕ : tuber sp., Erdfruchtart 148 (Ml. ubi halus)

ena(y) : sand, Sand 117; cf. ĕna(y)


SB epu : tobacco pouch, Tabakstäschen 62; cf. ebu


esa : to sweat, schwitzen 124; cf. next


SA esan-ĕ : sweat (noun), Schweiss 37


eyu : shark, Hai 81



Ě (< AN *ə)

ĕdan : ladder, Leiter 188; ~ edan


ĕdi : to bring, bringen 38; ~ edi


ĕna(y) : shore, Strand 137; cf. ena(y)


ĕnu : neck, Hals 95; cf. pa-ĕnu 104

ĕsa : one, eins 186


ĕtu : to fart; ein Wind streichen lassen 124; cf. next


ĕtut : fart (noun), Flatus 34



G (< *ŋk, ŋg)

gada : rhinocerus bird (hornbill?), Jahrvogel 22


gadun : clothing, Kleid 67


SA gage : molar tooth, Backzahn 69


galepi : lance, Lanze 68


SA gali : to dig, graben 70


SA galaul-ĕ : tree-frog, Baumfrosch 69; as "ga-laul-ĕ" 113


SS galiauq : shield, Schild 68


1. SA galu : to stir, umruhren 158

2. galu : to write, schreiben 68; > SA galu; cf. also garu


SA gameme : ant, Ameise 136


gamu : Betel 68


gana (ma-) : hard, hart sein 109


garu : to write, schreiben 116; cf. 2.galu , note contradictory UA *r~l. (SA galu < either form)


gauq : grasshopper, locust; Heuschrecke 68


SA gavaq-ĕ : roof, Dachbedeckung 133


gavaya : bad, schlecht sein 71; ~ kavaya

gayan : tree sp., Inocarpus 68


gaysi : damar resin, Damarharz 68; cf. SA aysi


geda : remainder, Rest 68; ~ keda


gege : armpit, Achsel 67; cf. sa-gege


gelan : tree sp., Weissholzbaum 63


gesu : to splinter, splittern 68


gigi : to sharpen (to a point), zuspitzen 192


SB giwe : hard, hart sein 68


goda : to shave, rasen 102

SA gola(-ke) : angry, wrathful; zornig sein 70; ~ kola-ke


govu : to tear, niederreissen 102


SA gudu hard, hart sein 69


gugu : finger, Finger 69; hoof, Huf 205; cf. saba-kuku


gugur : thunder, Donner 68


SS gula : oil, Öl 68


SA guluq-ĕ : eel sp., Seeaal 114


gutu : louse, Laus 71; ~ kutu



H (Dempwolff's correspondence; Stresemann viewed its status in UA as uncertain)

(h)ata- : intestines, Eingeweide 74; note next


(h)ata(y) : liver, Leber 216


(h)ilu : nose, Nase 74; cf. also UA ŋidu, SA nidu, SS nidu


I

-i : 3rd pers. possessive marker; Possessiv-Pronomen 141; ~ -ni


iba : room, Kamer 204


SA ida : sick, krank sein 41


ikan : fish, Fisch 48


iku- : tail, Schwanz; NB ikor-i its tail 141


SA ila (ma-) : large, gross sein 92; < 2. ira


1. SA ile : plant sp., Pandanus 136


2. SA ile : he, er 117


1. ilĕ (ma-) : dark, dunkel sein 113

2. SA ilĕ : carry (around the neck); um den Hals tragen 157


SA ili : to hang up, aufhangen 150; < iri


1. SA ina(-ni) : (its) maggot; (sein) Made 178


2. ina (ma-) : in front, vorn sein 113; cf. mina


3. ina- : mother, Mutter 48


inĕ : to lie down, liegen 97; to sleep, schlafen 124


inu : to drink, trinken 46; NB as "ino" 136


ipar : k.o. nut, Canarium 51

1. ira (ma-) : red, rot sein 192.


2. ira (ma-) : large, gross sein 21; > SA ila


iri (pa-) : to hang up, aufhangen 104; > SA ili


SA isa : lizard sp., Segelechse 37


isat (sa-) : sieve (noun), Sieb 104


SA iselĕ : tree sp., (ironwood), Eisenholzbaum 166. ([RFM] Probably sic for "isel-ĕ" ?)

isi- : contents, Inhalt 36


SA isu : earthquake, Erdbeben 37


SA ita : to sparkle, glitter; funkeln 153


ite (ma-) : black, schwarz sein 113


iti : to lightning, blitzen 34


J

jer : thing, Ding 81. See the discussion there: *j, which occurs only in this item, is posited as a "spirant y" distinct from *y


K

kaba : to call, rufen 116; cf. next?


kabata : to sing, singen 64


SA kabat-ĕ : eel sp., Seeaal 61


kabu- : guts, belly; Magen, Bauch 60; cf. vuka- ?


kalaku : wooden dish, Holzschüssel 64


kalava(w) : mouse, Maus 105; cf. malava(w)


SA kale : to close, schliessen 65


SA kalu- : tail, Schwanz 147


SA kalut-ĕ : coarse cloth; grobe Leinewand 66


kami : we (excl.); wir (exkl.) 64


kan : to eat, essen 49


kasawari : Cassowary bird 47 (NB: UA *r < AN *R confirmed, to Stresemann's view, by Bonfia evidence, p. 202)


katana : knife, Messer 147; ~ kĕtana (a likely loan < Port.? cf. Japanese katana sword)

SA katatu : land-crab, Latyrus raptor 108


SA katu : to send, senden 65


kavaya : bad, schlecht sein 71; ~ gavaya


kavuĕ : bean, Bohne 55


kawil : catch with a hook; to fish; Angelhaken 14; cf. next?


SB kawil : iron, Eisen 64


kayu : wood, Holz 64


keda : remainder, Rest 71; ~ geda


kedi : to cut, scheren 217


kele- : thigh, Schenkel, Oberschenkel 64


kĕdĕ : to stand, stehen 18; ~ kĕdĕ; > SA pa-kĕlĕ 65


SB kĕnoi : damar resin, Damarharz 64

kĕtana : knife, Messer 103; ~ katana


kĕtĕ : to bite, beissen 34


kimi : you (pl.), ihr 92


SA kita : we (incl.), wir (inkl.) 117


SA kivi : break off, abbrechen 56; cf. next


SA kivit- : fragment, Scherbe 118


SA kivo- : wing, Flügel 147


SA kobit-ĕ : knife, Messer 66


SA koki : to grate, raspeln 65


SA kola(-ka) : angry, wrathful; zornig sein 26; ~ gola-ke


SA kole : crooken, krumm sein 27


SA kolo : to call, rufen 30

SA kovu : to lie (on the stomach); vornüberliegen 65


ku-bali : left, links 60; cf. 2. bali


kudĕn : pot, Topf 18; > SA kulĕn-ĕ


kukuq : cuckoo, Kuckuck 95


kulit : skin, Haut 47


SA kuman-ĕ : small crab sp.; kleine Krabbe 66


kume : earth, Erde 140. (Is this perhaps < Skt/Ml. bumi via **gum(i,e), cf. Sasak gumi)


kuni : turmeric, Curcuma longa 64


kurita : Nautilus (shell) 18; > SA kulita


SA kusa : hide, skin; Fell 65


kutu : louse, Laus 34; ~ gutu


ku-wana : right (side), rechts 49



L

1. SS labu : bathe, baden 61


2. labu : mat, Matte 22


labun : jacket (jerkin, doublet), Wams 60


SA ladi : (wide) plank, breites Brett 43


ladina(y) : road, path, Weg 40; cf. radina(y), with contradictory *r


lagat : finger, Finger 130


SA laga : Cockatoo (bird) 136


lagu : naked, nackt sein 68


SA lain-ĕ : shore, Strand 113

SA laisana : spear, Speer 112


1. SA laka : form, figure; Gestalt 65


2. SA laka : to touch, tasten 65; cf. UA naka


SA lakin-ĕ : tree sp., Erythrina 83


SA laku : to tie, binden 66


lalat : shore, Strand 23


lalĕ : fly (insect), Fliege 22


SA lali : to wait, erwarten 28


lamĕ : arrow, Pfeil 20; also as lamĕq 169, > SA lamĕq-ĕ

laŋit : sky, Himmel 14


lase- : testicles, Hoden 22


SA lasĕn-ĕ : arrow, Pfeil 37


lata : to chop off, abhacken 33


SA late : to stick together, einklemmen 150


1. lau : sea, Meer 27


2. lau : to lament, wail; jämmern


SA laua : to insult, beschimpfen 109


SA lava-lava : platform, stand; Gestell 83


lavan : friend, Freund 204


lavar : fishing line; Fischleine 195


SA lavit-ĕ : jacket, Jacke 170


lavo : refuse, dregs, sediment; Abfall102


SA lavu : drizzle, Sprühregen 57


SA lavun-ĕ : plant sp., Ml. bĕngkawan 83


lavut : plant sp., Amaranthus 148; cf. SA ma-lavut-ĕ


1. lawa : to go, gehen 19; to flee, fliehen 79; cf. next?


2. lawa : trace, track; Spur 87


3. lawa : spider, Spinne 78


SA lawali: wound, Wunde 79


SA lawani : loincloth, Schamgurt 31


layar : sail, Segel 17

lea(w) : sun, Sonne 15 (Stresemann posits < AN **lĕģaw hot with irreg. loss of the *ģ in UA; [RFM comment]: A form **lejaw [as now written] does indeed underlie the word for "sun, day" in many eastern IN languages)


leba : carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 126


SA lebet-ĕ : shield, Schild 166


SA ledu (sa-) : to cook, kochen 108


1. lele : to wind up, aufwickeln 101


2. lele : edge, Rand 25; cf. next?


SA lelen-ĕ : boundary, Grenze 30


leli : to turn over, umwenden 101


SA lene : empty, leer sein 28


SA lepa : fathom, Klafter 87; cf. UA depa ~ dĕpa


lesi : exceed, übertreffen 24; cf. contradictory desi

SA letu : to jerk, zucken 28


1. SA (mu-)leu : (thy) brother; (dein) Bruder 108


2. SA leu : to unravel, ausfasern 150


SA leva (ta-) : to cover, bedecken 108


SA leve : to cut down, to fell; fällen 57; ~ lĕvĕ


levit : rudder, Steuerruder 54


levu : to mix, vermischen 101


SA lewat-ĕ : rainy season, Regenzeit 30; cf. UA liwat


SA lĕbĕ : to give, geben 61


lĕ-bia : Sago palm 20; cf. bia

SA lĕdĕ : poor, arm sein 25


lĕko : fold (noun), Falte 64; cf. next


SA lĕku-kĕ : to fold, falten 66


lĕlĕt : bow-string, Bogensehne 130


SA lĕlu : to hang, hangen 27


SA lĕnĕq-ĕ : muddy place where pigs wallow; Schweinekuhle 83


SA lĕsu : to get or come loose; losgehen 27


lĕsun : rice-mortar, Reismörser 17


SA lĕtĕ : high, hoch sein 25; < UA dĕtĕ


SA lĕvĕ : to cut down, to fell; fällen 27; ~ leve


lĕvĕn : hole, Grube 14


lĕvu- : bottom, Unterseite 47


SA lia : to comb, kämmen 154; cf. lilia


lian : cave, Höhle 46


SA liban-ĕ : lizard, Eidechse 61


liĕ- : voice, Stimme 22


SA ligu : to carry, tragen 27


lila- : tongue, Zunge 22


SA lilia : comb (noun), Kamm; cf. lia


SA liki : oblique, sloping; schräg sein 66


1. lima : to scoop out, ausschöpfen 126


2. lima : hand, Hand 14; five, funf 21


lina(w) : still, calm; still sein 28

SA linĕ : carry (on the back); auf Rücken tragen 157; cf. liŋĕ, and diŋĕ


linu (maka-) : sour, sauer sein 217; SA linu 26


liŋĕ : carry (on the back); auf Rücken tragen 73; cf. diŋĕ


lipan : millipede, Skolopender 147; SA lilipan-ĕ 107; SS alipan


SA lipe (ma-) : to laugh, lachen 52; cf. UA mali


SA lipi : to pull, ziehen 27


lisa : tree sp., Terminalia 36


livu-ni : thousand, Tausend 15


livut : storm, Sturm 21


liwat : rainy season, Regenzeit 20; cf. SA lewat-ĕ

loba : to jump, springen 24


SA lobi : beautiful, schön sein 162


lobo : to step on, betreten 59


SA lobon-ĕ : ashes, Asche 102


lobu : machete, Buschmesser 59


SA loda : spacious, roomy; geräumig sein 102; cf. lola, lora


loka : come upwards; nach oben kommen 102


SA loko : all, alle 66


SA lola : roomy, spacious; geräumig sein 27


SA loli : to serve, bedienen 28


SA lora : roomy, spacious; geräumig sein 102


losa : lime, chalk; Kalk 21

SA loto : to dry, trocken 102


lua : to vomit, sich erbrechen 192


lubu : to gather, versammeln 60


ludan : groundswells (high waves in light wind); Dünung 131


SA ludun-ĕ : manatee ("sea-cow"); Seekuh 45; ~ lusun-ĕ. Likely loanwords; cf. duyun and note AN *Duyuŋ


1. SA lugu (ma-) : fat, fatty; fett sein 109


2. SA lugu : bend over, bow; sich bücken 69


SA luka (ma-) : maiden, Mädchen 29; < UA (ma)ruka

SA luke : give, geben 66; < UA ruke


1. SA lula : to smear, einschmieren 27


2. SA lula(-ke) : to order, befehlen 30


SA luli : to string, arrange in a row; aufreihen 152


SA lulu : to pluck, pflücken 30


lumut : moss, Moos 14


SS lusi : hawk, Habicht 22; cf. SB nusi


SA lusu : to slip, slide; ausgleiten 149


SA lusun-e : manatee ("sea-cow"), Seekuh 45; cf. ludun-ĕ, duyun


SA luva : to open, öffnen 57



M

ma-asi : salty, salzig sein 104


ma-au : to shade, schatten 75


mada : to dry, trocken 89; > SA mala


madamar : north, Norden 186; > SA madamal-ĕ


mader : animal sp. (usually a marsupial, Ml. cuscus); Baum-, Beutelmarder 40; > SA madel-ĕ


SA madu : to dance, tanzen 41


SA ma-gana : hard, hart sein 109


ma-ina : in front, vorn sein 113; cf. mina, 2.ina


1. ma-ira : large, gross sein 47; > SA ila


2. ma-ira : red, rot sein 19


ma-ite : black, schwarz sein 113

SA mala (ka-) : dried, getrocknet 151; < UA mada


SA ma-latĕn-ĕ : Palolo worm 107


malava(w) : mouse, Maus 23; cf. kalava(w)


SA ma-lavut-ĕ : plant sp., Amaranthus 107; cf. lavut


maleun : jungle fowl, Buschhuhn 47


mali : to laugh, lachen 17; cf. SA ma-lipe


SA malimu : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 31; cf. next


SA malinu : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 106


SA ma-lipe : to laugh, lachen 52; cf. UA mali


malu : soft, weich sein 164; > SA malu soft, gentle; sanft sein 30. Cf. next?

malu-malu : slow, langsam sein 111


SA ma-lugu fat, fatty; fett sein 109


SA ma-luka : maiden, Mädchen 29; < UA ma-ruka


mama : to chew, kauen 217


ma-mata : raw, unripe; roh sein 38


1. ma-nipi : thin, dünn sein 48


2. ma-nipi : to dream, träumen 49


manuq : bird, Vogel 46


maŋasa : thirsty, durstig sein 164


ma-rana(y) : man, Mann 18


marona : man, Mann 49


ma-ruka : maiden, Mädchen 18


SA masa : to cook, kochen 150


ma-seri : drunk, betrunken sein 101; > SA ma-seli 37; cf. also ba-seri ???


mata- : eye, Auge 63


mata(y) : dead, tot sein 34


matua : old, alt sein 105


SA mau : mute, stumm sein 113


ma-vina(y) woman, Frau 49; cf. bina(y)


SA mavu : Javanese, javanisch 56


mawa : to yawn, gähnen 75


mede : just, exactly; gerade 40


SA meit-ĕ : salt water, Salzwasser 133

SA meli : strong, stark sein 30


meut : liana, Liane 129


mĕdur : thunder, Donner 40; > SA medul-ĕ 99; cf. next


SA mĕdu- : droning noise, rumble; Gedröhn 99


mĕmĕ- : mother's brother, Mutterbruder 97


SA mĕmul-ĕ : gnat, Mücke 98


SA mĕti : ebb; low tide; Ebbe 35


SA midi : light (in weight); leicht sein 41


SA mimila : crazy, verrückt 107


1. mina : in front, vorn sein 91; cf. ma-ina


2. mina : fat, grease; Fett 46


miŋa : beautiful, schön sein 73


modar : land wind; Landwind 102; > SA modal-ĕ


SA modo : to sink, versinken 43; cf. molo


moi : sharp, scharf sein 164


moli (ta-) : taboo, forbidden; verboten 64; cf. also SA momoli, poli


momol : iron, Eisen 127


momu (pa-la-) : gargle, rinse the mouth; gurgeln 111


SA mosi : ashamed, sich schämen 83


mudi : behind, hinten 19


mude : citrus (lemon?); Zitrone 38; proposed < AN *munti, ibid.


mula-ni : ripe, reif sein 208

SA muli : dull (of color); matt sein 149


muluku : eel, Aal 64

muta : to vomit, sich erbrechen 38


muti : cold (of food); kalt sein (speisen) 93


N

nadu : long, deep; lang, tief sein 21; > SA nalu


naka : to touch, tasten 49; cf. 2. laka


naka(w) : to steal, stehlen 46


SA nala : tree sp., Pterocarpus indica 90; < UA nara


nama(w) : bay, harbor; Bucht, Hafen 137


nana : pus, Eiter 46


naŋu(y) : to swim, schwimmen 89


nara : tree sp., Pterocarpus 22; > SA nala


nasu : sugar, Zucker 207


nawa : breath, Atem 46


nawa(y) : Aren palm 77


nĕbĕ : to press down, niederdrücken 202; cf. dĕbĕ, sĕbĕ


nĕm : six, sechs 48


nĕŋĕ : to hear, hören 194; cf. dĕŋĕ


1. SA nĕvu : to pull out, herausziehen 150


2. nĕvu : pledge, ransom; Pfand 46; cf. 2. tĕvu


-ni : 3rd pers. possessive marker; Poss.-Pronomen (enklitisch) 141; ~ -i


SS niabĕt : flying fox (fruitbat?): Flughund 49


SS nidu- : nose, Nase 49; cf. also (h)ilu-; and nidu-, ŋidu- (?)

SA nidi- : tooth, Zahn 41; < UA ŋidi; cf. also ŋisi-


SA nidu- : mouth, Mund 41; < UA ŋidu-; SS nidu- cf. (h)ilu-


niga : already, bereits 68


nika (ta-) : to ask, fragen 33; SA nika


nini (maka-) : disgusted, sich ekeln 111


nipa(y) : snake, Schlange 51 ([RFM] revised to *nipaw in Collins 19....)


1. nipi (ma-) : thin, dünn sein 48


2. nipi (ma-) : to dream, träumen 49


nipil : bee, Biene 49


SA nisa (ma-) : correct, richtig sein 162


SA nisi- : tooth, Zahn 38; < UA ŋisi-; cf. ŋidi, SA nidi


nitu : ghost, Bildseele 46


niwĕr : coconut, Kokosnuss 21SA nudul-ĕ : Nibung palm 26


nuga : scab, scurf; Schorf 48


nunuq : tree sp., Ficus Benjamina 48


nusa : island, Insel 46


SA nusi : hawk, Habicht 50; cf. lusi


nuvu (ba-) : exact, genau sein 159

ŋ

ŋala- : name, Name 15


ŋarĕq : year, Jahr 72 (NB: final *-k proposed on basis of Seran Laut evidence, p.196)


SB ŋeda : leech, Blutegel 38


ŋidi- : tooth, Zahn 45; > SA nidi-; cf. ŋisi-

ŋidu- : mouth, Mund 39; Cf. SA nidu-, SS nidu-; UA (h)ilu- ?


ŋipĕ- : tooth, Zahn 51


ŋisi- : tooth, Zahn 45; cf. ŋidi; SA nisi-



O

ogon : charcoal, Holzkohle 68


SA oi : lance, Lanze 118


okor : ladle, spoon; Schöpflöffel 127; > SA okol-ĕ


SA omin-ĕ : enemy, Feind 118

SA ona(-ni) : (his) voice; (sein) Stimme 108


osi- : ancestor, Vorfahre 148; cf. SA anusi; SA osi- grandchild, Enkel 118


osu : hole, Loch 148


ova : plant sp., Pandanus 118



P

pa- : causative prefix, Kausativa prefix 160


padepa : to speak, sprechen 104


pa-ĕnu : carry in a cloth around the neck; in Tuch um den Hals tragen 104; cf. ĕnu


pagu : to play a flute, flöten 188, ~ "pago" 198 (NB: proposed final AN *ģ (*j) on basis of Eli-Elat banggor and Seran Laut fagus, 198)


SA pala (sa-) : hit with the hand; schlagen mit der Hand 108; cf. vala


pala(y) : rice, Reis 15


1. pana : bow; arrow; Bogen; Pfeil 186


2. pana (ba-) : hot, heiss sein 159; ~ bana


pana(y) : bait, decoy; Köder 137

pane- : wing, Flügel 15; as "pani-" 91


paniki : flying fox (fruitbat?), Flughund 48


SA papa- : cheek, Wange 52


para(w) : hoarse, heiser sein 138


pari : ray (fish), Roche 16


pasa : to buy, kaufen 189


SA pasu- : cheek, Wange 52


pat : four, vier 51


SA patien-ĕ : dover sp. (white); weisse Fruchttaube 133


pau : mango 53

SB pele : crosswise, quer/schief sein 62; cf. SA bele


penu : turtle sp., Seeschildkröte 46


SA peta : to tie, binden 151


petu : ti tie, binden 217


pĕlu : gall, Galle 15


SA pĕsĕ : to make, machen 99; ~ bĕsĕ


pila : how much? wie viel? 15


SA pili : to take, nehmen; cf. sapili


pitu : seven, sieben 35


SA poli(-ne) : taboo, forbidden; verboten sein 53; cf. moli


SA poli : to stop up, verstopfen 155


SA popo : few, little; wenig sein 53

pudi : banana 38


puĕ- : origin, Ursprung 51


puki : vulva 65


pukĕt : dragnet, Zugnetz 33


pulut : lime, glue; Klebstoff 50; ~ bulut


puna : to make, machen 48; ~ buna


SA punu : bunch (of fruits); Fruchttross 53


puri (sa-) : spin, rotate; runddrehen 62; cf. sapuri, sabuli


pusa : sick, krank sein 51


puse- : navel, Nabel 218; as "pusĕ-" 15


pusu- : heart, Herz 52



R

radina(y) : road, path; Weg 139; cf. ladina(y)


ramut : root, Wurzel 16


rana(y) (ma-) : man, Mann 18


rawa : plantation, settlement; Pflanzung 17


raya : large, gross sein 19


rema : eel sp., Seeaal 17


revi : overflow, überschreiten (Gewässer) 54


rĕsĕt : wall, Wand 17

risa : war, Krieg 190


rita : spread, extend; ausbreiten 18


riti : copper, Kupfer 20


rodo : pitiable, bemitleidenswert 17


ruka (ma-) : maiden, Mädchen 18


ruke : to give, geben 18; > SA luke


ruma : house, Haus 17


rusuq : rib, Rippe 16




S

saba-kuku : ring, Fingerring 111; cf. gugu finger


SA sabuli : spin, rotate; runddrehen 62; cf. (sa-)puri


sade : lean on, sich anlehnen 18


SA sagege : carry (under the arm): unter den Arm tragen 69; cf. gege armpit


sai : to row, rudern 121; cf. 2. sali ?


sa-isat : sieve (noun); Sieb 104; ~ isat


saka(y) : to rise, steigen 64; > SA saka


SA sa-ledu : to cook, kochen 108


1. SA sali : to attack, überfallen 27


2. SA sali : oar, Ruder 86; cf. sai  ​?


SA saliva : blanket, Schlafdecke 45; ~ daliva


sama : part; to separate; Teil, teilen 156; also as pa-sama 105


SA samal-ĕ : bird sp. (swallow); Seeschwalbe 132


SA sana : branch, Ast 37; < UA saŋa


SA sanasa : (hand)span, Spanne 45; ~ danasa


SA sanili : assembly, Versammlung 166


saŋa : branch, Zweig 48


sapa : to hook, catch; anhaken 154


SA sapala : hit with the hand; schlagen mit der Hand 108; cf. vala


SA sapili : to choose, wählen 109; cf. pili


SA sapoi : poor, arm sein 53

SB sa-puri : rotate, spin; runddrehen 62; cf. sabuli


sara : to sweep, fegen 18


sari : shoulder-blade, Schulterblatt 36


sau : to sew, nähen ....PAGE


SA savaq-ĕ : scoop, dipper; Schöpfgefäss 76


save : to buy, kaufen 36


SA savu : to exceed, überschreiten 57


1. sawa : to marry, heiraten 77; wife, Gattin 79


2. sawa : lake, Meer 80


sawe : brother-in-law, Schwager 45; ~ dawe


SA sebe : press, drücken 61; cf. sĕbĕ, dĕbĕ, nĕbĕ


sedu : to weave, weben 18; > 3. SA selu


sege : branch, Zweig 68


SA sei : who?, wer? 37


SA seit-ĕ : knife, Messer 37


SA seke : to sift, sieben 108; > SA s-ĕn-eket-ĕ sieve, Sieb108


1. sela : go in between, zwischendurchgehen 101; cf. next ?


2. SA sela : to weave, weben 150


sele : sick, krank sein 186; ~ sĕlĕ


SA sĕlĕt-ĕ : wasp, Wespe 45; ~ delet-ĕ; < UA seret


seli : to exchange, tauschen 100; ~ sili; cf. 2.selu ?

1. selu : fish sp.; Name eines Fisches 94


2. selu: to exchange, eintauschen 101


3. SA selu : to weave, weben 153; < sedu


1. SA sene : hungry, hungrig sein 36


2. SA sene : to stop up, verstopfen 149


sepu : ready, fertig sein 51; cf. sĕpu


seret : wasp, Wespe 36; > SA selet-ĕ, delet-ĕ


sevi : ginger, Ingwer 54


sĕbĕ : to press down; niederdrücken 202; cf. dĕbĕ, nĕbĕ, sebe


SA sĕbu : ready, fertig sein 62; cf. sĕpu


SA sĕga : to stab, stechen 69


1. SA sĕgĕ : to block, bar; versperren 70


2. SA sĕgĕ : to crush, zerdrücken 98


sĕgĕt : flood, Flut 68; > SA sĕgĕt-ĕ ~ sĕkĕt-ĕ 99


SA sĕkĕt­-ĕ : flood, Flut 99


sĕlĕ (ma-) : sick, krank sein 22; cf. sele


sĕnĕdu : put on clothes, Kleider anziehen 111


sĕneka : to plant, anpflanzen 104


sĕnĕ : to ask for, demand; verlangen 48


sĕnulat : creator ? scoop ?; Schöpfer (ambiguous) 103; perhaps cf. 2,3 sula ?


sĕŋĕt : stinging gnat, Steckmücke 36; > SA sĕnĕt-ĕ 98


sĕpu : ready, fertig sein 36; SS, SB id.; SA sĕbu; also (UA) sepu


SA sĕsu : to land, landen 99

SA sĕvu : wave, Welle 45; ~ dĕvu


siavuq : Coleus tuberosa (sweet potato?) 56


sibĕ to jump, springen 61


SA sibil-ĕ : gadfly, Bremse 26


sidu : to spoon out, auslöffeln 152; cf. next


sidu : spoon, Löffel 93; as "sidu-t" 20


siga : cat, Katz (proposed < Ml/Indic singa)


sigu : elbow, Ellenbogen 71; ~ 1. siku


1. siku : elbow, Ellenbogen 64; ~ sigu; cf. next


2. siku : corner, Ecke 65


1. sila : to land, landen 36


2. SA sila : chest, breast; Brust 37; cf. next?


3. SA sila : to split, spalten 108; > SA s-ĕn-ilat-ĕ split (noun)


SA silan : lightning, Blitz 27


1. sili : to exchange, tauschen 36; ~ seli


2. sili : to insert (between); zwischen etw. stecken 91; perhaps cf. 4. SA sili ?


3. SA sili : taboo-mark, Verbotszeichen 156


4. SA sili : to shove, schieben 30


sina : (day)light, Licht 45; cf. SA dina


sira : refuse, garbage; Abfall 91


sisi- : breadth, Breite 91


SA sisila : rusted, verrostet 107


SA siva : to open, öffnen 149

1. siwa : nine, neun 36


2. siwa : raise a child; ein Kind führen 36


1. SA soba : to sail, segeln 38


2. soba : to swear, schwören 58


SS sobit : rhinocerus bird (hornbill?); Jahrvogel 129


sodet : noose, cord; Schlinge 169; > SA solet-ĕ


sokur : plant sp., Kaempferia 22; > SA sokul-ĕ 45; ~ dokul-ĕ,


SA sole : to tie up, fastbinden 37, < sodet; cf. next


SA solet-ĕ : cord, Strick 31


SA solo : carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 27


sora : to pour, begiessen 102


SA sosa : to file, feilen 37


SA sou : word, Wort 38


sua : mouth, Mund 186


suba : tree sp., Ficus Benjamina 60

1. SA subi : to point, aim at; zeigen, zielen 36


2. subi : to jump, springen 60


SA subit-ĕ : bat, Fledermaus 61; cf. supit


subu : to find, finden 36


suda : to stab, stechen 92; cf. 1.sula


sugu : to bathe, baden 69; ~ suku 196


sukun : tree sp., Artocarpus 36


1. sula : man-trap, Fussangel 213; cf. suda


2. sula : to write, schreiben 15; cf. next


3. SA sula : to decorate, verzieren 108; > s-ĕn-ulat-ĕ decoration


sulu : torch, Fackel 193


SA suma (ma-) : sweet, süss sein 167


sumaŋe- : soul, Seele 103; as "sumaŋĕ-" 104


supit : bat, Fledermaus 130; cf. SA subit-ĕ


susu : breast, Brüste 95



T

ta : not, nicht 213


SA tabalan-ĕ : bench, Sitzbank 44; ~ dabalan-ĕ


tabĕlĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 22


taber : earth, Erde 90; ~ tabir 182 > SA tabil-ĕ 61; cf. also tabur, tubur


SA tabuan-ĕ : weeds, Unkraut 61

tabur : earth, Erde 129; cf. tabir ~ taber, tubur


tada : to grate, raspeln 153


tadegu : to close, schliessen 104


taderi : to rip out, herausreissen 105


tadigi : fingernail, Fingernagel 34; ~ tadiki 71

SA taĕna : to know, kennen 109


tagalasi : basket, Korb 210


tagi : to go, gehen 68; ~ dagi


tai- : excrement, Kot 33; cf. SA tatai


SA tailan : assembly-house, Versammlungshaus 109


takĕra : throat, Gurgel 35


1. taku : (cooking) pan, Tiegel 64


2. SA taku (ma-) : afraid, sich fürchten 66


takudi : wife's family, relatives; Weibliche Familie 86; > SA takuli


SA takunu : soul, Seele 106


talaya : middle, Mitte 81 (NB: the usual indication of proto-level-- as UA, SA etc.-- is omitted from this item. I [RFM] believe the *y here irreg. reflects AN *j (*ģ), on the basis of other eastern IN cognates.)


SA ta-lava : to cover, bedecken 108


taliŋa : ear, Ohr 19


SA tamata : person, Mensch 34


tame-ni : other, anders 44; ~ dame-ni


ta-moli : taboo, forbidden, verboten sein 33; as (ta-)moli 63; cf. also moli, poli


tamuraq : tin, Zinn 19 (NB UA *r proposed < AN *R on basis of Bonfie temosa 202)


tamut- : root, Wurzel 207; as tamut-i its root 142; cf. ramut ?


SA tana : to take, nehmen 43


SA tanama : pool, Pfütze 44; ~ danama


tanĕ : to plant, pflantzen 48; ~ danĕ

tanika : to ask, fragen 33; cf. nika


taŋi : to weep, weinen 36


taro : to put, place; hinstellen 74


taru : to promise, geloben 153; > t-ĕn-aru promise (noun) 104


tasiq : salt, Salz 34


SA tatai : dirty, schmutzig sein 35; cf. tai-


tau : full, voll sein 103; pa-tau to fill, füllen 103; SA tau-ni its contents; sein Inhalt 34


SA taulĕt-ĕ : keel, Kiele 99


tava : to stab, stechen 183; ~ dava


SA tavali : to help, helfen 57


taveda : tree sp., Nangka 55


tavu : testicles, Hoden 55


tavudi : trumpet, Trompete 16; > SA tavuli 56


SA tawa : to light, illuminate; beleuchten 154; cf. tawat-ĕ


SA tawal-ĕ : mat, Matte 78


SA tawat-ĕ : torch, Fackel 133


SA taweiq-ĕ : plant sp., Rhizophore (Bruguiera) 79


SA teba : to cut off, abschneiden 61


tedin : Bamboo (sp.) 101; ~ tĕdin; > SA telin


SA teit-ĕ : garment (festive); Festgewand 35


tele (ma-) : pleasant, angenehm ein 189; > SA ma-tele tasty 25; as UA ma-tele-ti tasty 207

SA telewa : Banana 35


SA telin : Bamboo 101


telor-i : its egg; sein Ei 85; cf. tĕlur


SA tene : to tie, binden 101


tenu : to try, versuchen 217


tepe : to test, probieren 33


teu : to scoop, schöpfen 152


tewa : to know, wissen 78


tĕbĕlĕ : snake, Schlange 98


tĕdin : Bamboo 20; ~ tedin


tĕlĕ : to swallow, schlucken 14


tĕlu : three, drei 17


tĕlur : egg, Ei 16; cf. telor-i


tĕnaru : to promise, versprechen 33; cf. taru


SA tĕneta : washed, gewaschen 151


tĕnita : mountain, Berg 48


tĕpuq : fowl, Huhn 34


tĕtĕ : to cut off, abschneiden 34; cf. SA tĕtĕ behead, köpfen 155 and vatete chisel


tĕtu- : cape (geog.), Kap 93; cf. SA tĕtun-ĕ 34


1. tĕvu : sugarcane, Zuckerrohr 33


2. tĕvu : to ransom, freikaufen 36; cf. nĕvu


tia(-ni) : (his) belly; (sein) Bauch 184


tiba : to scoop, schöpfen 33

tibil : basket, Korb 127


SA tigal-ĕ : enemy, Feind 69; cf. next


SA tigan-ĕ : enemy, Feind 92


SA tili : to urinate, urinieren 43; < UA tiri


1. SA tilu : to give, geben 157


2. SA tilu : to point, zeigen 27


3. tilu : tick (insect), Zecke 93


timur : east, Osten 33; > SA timul-ĕ 30


timun : cucumber, Gurke 91


tinan : Bamboo (sp.) 91


tiri : to urinate, urinieren 20


tita : to arrange, ordnen 35 (perhaps the base of tĕnita mountain?)


tita(y) : bridge, Brücke 138


titi : to sprinkle, besprengen 75


SA tiva : to stab, stechen 43


tival : (hand-)drum, Handtrommel 56


SA tivi : to cut off, abschneiden 93; to end, beendigen 157


1. tivu : to fly, fliegen 195; ~ divu


2. SA tivu : pond, Teich 57


tobaq : lance, Lanze 58; ~ tubaq


SA toka : to prop up, stützen 152; cf. next


tokan : stick, staff; Stock 216

toku : gaze into the distance; in die Ferne blicken 194; ~ doku


SA tokun-ĕ : star, Stern 65


SA tolu : river, Fluss 134


SA toma : to prop up, stützen PAGE>>>


SA tomol-ĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 26


SA tona : mud, Schlamm 35


tora : to belch, rülpsen 102; cf. dola


toto : to stutter, stammer; stottern 102


1. tovo : to hit, strike, schlagen 56; cf. next?


2. SA tovo : to chop, klatschen 43


1. tua (ma-) : old, alt sein 105


2. SS tua- : belly, Bauch 34


tuaq : palm-wine, Ml. tuak; Palmwein 75


tuba : to sit, sitzen 59


tubaq : spear, Speer 60; ~ tobaq


tu-bĕbĕ : tortoise, Karettschildkröte 61


SA tubi : bead, Glasperle 165


tubu : to sprout, spriessen 202; ~ tuvu

SS tubur : island, Insel 61; cf. tabur, tabir ~ taber earth, Erde


tudiq : knife, Messer 196 (NB final *-k proposed on basis of Seran-Laut turik. But [RFM] is there a possible connection with Jav./Indic curiga knife ?)


tudu : to sleep, schlafen 25


tue : to sit, sitzen 114; cf. next


SA tuĕ : to sit, sitzen 43


tugu : to wait, bewachen 67


tui : to give, geben 90; ~ tue


tulu- : knee, Knie 33


1. tunu : to burn, brennen 39; SA tutunu. Cf. dunu, and next?


2. tunu : to shoot, schiessen 48


tura : and, with; und, mit 92; cf. contradictory UA tula ~ tuda; SA tula 35 < any of these


turu : to descend, herabsteigen 17; > SA tulu


SA tutu : to peck, picken 160; to pound, stampfen 35


SA tuvu : to sprout, sprossen 57; cf. tubu



U

ua : aunt, Tante 94


ubu : ancestor, Ahnherr 58; ~ upu


1. udan : crustacean, shrimp; Garneele 19 CORRECT?? NOT -ŋ​​​??

2. udan : rain, Regen 16


1. udu- : point, tip; Spitze 38


2. SA udu : crab, Krabbe 45; ~ 2. usu

ulat : mushroom, Pilz 130 (NB irreg. loss of AN initial *k-)


ule : maggot, Made 100; cf. next


ulĕ : worm, Wurm 16; SA ule


uli : to return, zurückkehren 18


ulu : head, Kopf 14


SA ulut-ĕ : oil, gerönnenes Öl 133


SA umala : moon, Mond 135; cf. next


SA umale : moon, Mond, 89


unaq : scales (of fish); Schuppe 75


1. upa : to wipe off, abwischen 124


2. upa- : face, Gesicht 52


upu : grandfather, Grossvater 62; cf. ubu


SA uput-ĕ : coconut husk/fiber; Kokosbast 53


1. urat : mountain, Berg 19


2. urat : vein, tendon; Ader 16

SA usali : assembly house; Versammlungshaus 37 (NB [RFM] ult. a probable loan, via **(k,g)usali, believed to be < Indic)


usa(y) : dolphin, Delfin 137


SA usat-ĕ : thousand, Tausend 133


usi : Citrus (sp.) 94


1. usu : to enter, eintreten 124


2. SA usu : crab, Krabbe; ~ udu


utan : vegetable(s), Gemüse 49


1. ute- : pith, marrow; Merk 100; cf. next


2. SA ute- : brain, Gehirn 117


SA uteq-ĕ : Bamboo (sp.) 99; cf. 1. ute- ?

uti- : penis 34


1. utu : to groan, stöhnen 124


2. utu(-ni) : hundred, hundert 94


uvi : tuber sp. (Ml. ubi); Erdfrucht 54


uwa(y) : rattan 77



V

SA vada : spread out, ausgebreitet 42


SA vail-ĕ : mat, Matte 62; ~ bail-ĕ


vaka : to split, break; zerbrechen 64


1. SA vala : to carry (on the shoulder); tragen (auf Schulter) 56; cf. vara


2. SA vala : hand, Hand 87; cf. sapala

valesa : to spread out, ausbreiten 104


1 vali : to turn, wenden 92; turn around, umkehren 56


2. SA vali : there, dort 62; ~ vale, bali


valu: widow, Witwe 25


vango : to wake up, aufwachen 71

vara : front or upper extremity, shoulder; vorders Extremität 17; cf. SA vala


varat : west, Westen 24


varu : plant sp., Hibiscus 22


vata- : trunk, stem; Stamm 34


SA vateteq : chisel (noun), Meissel 107; as verb, SA vatete to chisel 154; cf. tĕtĕ


vatĕlu : coarse, grob sein 94


SA vatila : bean, Bohne 25


vatu : stone, Stein 33


vatuka : intestines, Eingeweide 34


vau- : smell, odor; Geruch 112


va-udi : seat, rear end; Gesäss 38; cf. badi, mudi


vava- : top, upper surface; Oberseite 56


SS vavait : to flood, overflow; Überschwemmung 129


vavu(y) : pig, Schwein 134


SA veda : to unfold, sich entfalten 156


velat : meat, flesh; Fleisch 142


veleq : oil, Öl 101; ~ vĕlĕq


veli : price, Kaufpreis 14


SA velu : crooked, krumm sein 167


veŋa(y) : fly (insect), Fliege 55; cf. SA bena


SA vete : to throw down, hinwerfen 161


l. vetu : to awake, erwachen 100

2. SA vetu : to tell, erzählen 35


SA veu : to weigh, wägen 154


vĕkĕ : to tie, binden 198


vĕlĕq : oil, Öl 22; ~ veleq


vĕnĕ : smoke, Rauch 96


vĕru : new, neu sein 21; > SA vĕlu


vĕta(w) : sibling, Geschwister 34


vĕtĕn : millet, Gerste 96


SA vĕvĕ : under, unten 57


vina(y) (ma-) : woman, Frau 49; ~ bina(y)


visa : lemon-grass, Zitrongras 55


vita : to hit, schlagen 123


1. viti : to lift up, emporheben 55


2. viti : calf, shin; Unterschenkel 33


vivi- : lip(s), Lippe 54


SA voda : to draw out, herausholen 41


SA voi : to bathe, baden 102


voki : to pack, einpacken 91


1. vola : to split, spalten 102


2. SA vola : weapon, Gewehr 27


3. vola : bubble? bladder?; Blase (ambiguous) 102


SA vole : to tie, binden 27; cf. next?


SA voli : to sew, nähen 27

votu : to rise, come to the surface; an die Überfläche kommen 217


1. vua : fruit, Frucht 92; areca-nut 55


2. SA vua : throw down, hinwerfen 161


SS vudu- : mouth, Mund 40


SA vuel-ĕ : hole, Loch 133


SA vuĕ : iguana, Waran 63; ~ buĕ


vugu : gong 71; ~ vuku, buku


SA vui : empty, leer sein 167; cf. vuvuke?


vuka- : belly, Bauch 56; cf. kabu- ?


vukar : mountain, Berg 92


vuka(w) : hair, Haar 136


1. vuku : gong 65; ~ buku, vugu


2. vuku : knot, Knorren 65


vula : foam, Schaum 17; cf. buda


vulan : moon, Mond 14


vulawan : gold 54


vuli- : stalk (of fruits); Fruchtstand 91

vulu- : feather, Feder 21


vuni : to hide, verbergen 93


vuŋen : roofpeak, Dachfirst 73


vuru : bad, schlecht sein 19; cf. buru


vuser : foam, Schaum 131


vusur : archer's bow, Bogen 36; > SA vusul-ĕ


1. SA vuta(-ni) : (his) skin; (sein) Haut 144


2. SA vuta : grass, Gras 35


SA vutil-ĕ : wart, Warze 86


1. SA vutu : cut, clip (hair); schneiden, Haar knüpfen 108


2. vutu : ten, zehn 55


1. SA vuvu- : point, tip, summit; Spitze, Gipfel 145


2. SA vuvu : fish-trap, Reuse 57


vuvuq : dust, powder; Mulm


Sa vuvuke : empty, leer sein 107; cf. vui ?


vuwaya : crocodile 56



W

SA wabe : ripe, reif sein 61


SA wada : to guard, bewachen 41


wadu- : neck, Hals 77


waga : canoe, Kahn 67; ~ waka


SA wagil-ĕ : oil, Öl 69

SA wai : to spin, rotate, umdrehen 79


1. waka : canoe, Kahn 71; ~ waga


2. SA waka : older brother, älterer Brüder 79


3. SA waka- : seat, rear end; Gesäss 65; cf. wakar ?

wakar : root, Wurzel 65


wakat : Rhizophore 64


wakĕt : taboo-sign, Verbotszeichen 86


wala- : strand/lock of hair, Strähne 206


wali : younger brother, jüng. Brüder 25


SA walĕt-ĕ : liana 79; < UA warĕt


walu : eight, acht 19


SA wana : lively, legendig 80


wanat : Bamboo (sp.) 78


warĕt : liana 96; rope, Strang 141 (NB Proposes UA *r < AN *R on basis Bonfia wasat, p.202)


waru : fish sp., Waru-fisch 22


SA watal(-i) : (its) stalk; (sein) Stengel 86

wayĕr : water, Wasser 17


wedi : a grass sp., Ml. alang-alang 22; > SA weli; cf. also wĕdi


SA weda : provisions (for jouney), Wegkost 41


SA weiq-ĕ : Cinnamomum 79


wesiq : forest, Wald 77


SA weta : needle, Nadel 77


SA wetel-ĕ : infant, Säugling 78


weti : sago-pounder, Sagoklopfer 78


weur : dew, Tau (Niederschlag) 188


wĕdi : alang-alang grass 77; ~ wedi


SA wodu : shark, Hai 79; ~ wosu


SA wosu : shark, Hai 45; ~ wodu